Re-Examining the Association between Vitamin D and Childhood Caries

Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear. To determine the causal effect of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on dental caries experience, early caries onset and the requirement for a dental...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 10; no. 12; p. e0143769
Main Authors:	Dudding, Tom, Thomas, Steve J., Duncan, Karen, Lawlor, Debbie A., Timpson, Nicholas J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 21.12.2015 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	25-Hydroxyvitamin D Age Analysis Child Child, Preschool Childhood Children Confidence intervals Data dictionaries Dental caries Dental Caries - blood Dental Caries - epidemiology Dental Caries - genetics Early experience England - epidemiology Epidemiology Female Follow-Up Studies Genetic diversity Genetic variance Genomes Humans Hydroxycholecalciferols - blood Male Mortality Parents & parenting Physiological aspects Randomization Risk factors Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Systematic review Teeth Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency England United Kingdom United Kingdom > UK
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear. To determine the causal effect of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on dental caries experience, early caries onset and the requirement for a dental general anesthetic. A Mendelian randomization study was undertaken, using genetic variants known to be associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 5,545 European origin children from the South West of England. Data on caries and related characteristics were obtained from parental and child completed questionnaires between 38 and 91 months and clinical assessments in a random 10% sample at 31, 44 and 61 months. In multivariable confounder adjusted analyses no strong evidence for an association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with caries experience or severity was found but there was evidence for an association with early caries onset, or having a general anesthetic for dental problems. In Mendelian randomization analysis the odds ratio for caries experience per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.83, 1.05; P = 0.26) and the odds ratio for dental general anaesthetic per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.22; P = 0.72). This Mendelian randomization study provides little evidence to support an inverse causal effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on dental caries. However, the estimates are imprecise and a larger study is required to refine these analyses.
AbstractList	Background Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear. Objective To determine the causal effect of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on dental caries experience, early caries onset and the requirement for a dental general anesthetic. Design A Mendelian randomization study was undertaken, using genetic variants known to be associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 5,545 European origin children from the South West of England. Data on caries and related characteristics were obtained from parental and child completed questionnaires between 38 and 91 months and clinical assessments in a random 10% sample at 31, 44 and 61 months. Results In multivariable confounder adjusted analyses no strong evidence for an association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with caries experience or severity was found but there was evidence for an association with early caries onset, or having a general anesthetic for dental problems. In Mendelian randomization analysis the odds ratio for caries experience per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.83, 1.05; P = 0.26) and the odds ratio for dental general anaesthetic per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.22; P = 0.72). Conclusions This Mendelian randomization study provides little evidence to support an inverse causal effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on dental caries. However, the estimates are imprecise and a larger study is required to refine these analyses. BackgroundPrevious studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the causal effect of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on dental caries experience, early caries onset and the requirement for a dental general anesthetic.DesignA Mendelian randomization study was undertaken, using genetic variants known to be associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 5,545 European origin children from the South West of England. Data on caries and related characteristics were obtained from parental and child completed questionnaires between 38 and 91 months and clinical assessments in a random 10% sample at 31, 44 and 61 months.ResultsIn multivariable confounder adjusted analyses no strong evidence for an association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with caries experience or severity was found but there was evidence for an association with early caries onset, or having a general anesthetic for dental problems. In Mendelian randomization analysis the odds ratio for caries experience per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.83, 1.05; P = 0.26) and the odds ratio for dental general anaesthetic per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.22; P = 0.72).ConclusionsThis Mendelian randomization study provides little evidence to support an inverse causal effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on dental caries. However, the estimates are imprecise and a larger study is required to refine these analyses. Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear. To determine the causal effect of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on dental caries experience, early caries onset and the requirement for a dental general anesthetic. A Mendelian randomization study was undertaken, using genetic variants known to be associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 5,545 European origin children from the South West of England. Data on caries and related characteristics were obtained from parental and child completed questionnaires between 38 and 91 months and clinical assessments in a random 10% sample at 31, 44 and 61 months. In multivariable confounder adjusted analyses no strong evidence for an association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with caries experience or severity was found but there was evidence for an association with early caries onset, or having a general anesthetic for dental problems. In Mendelian randomization analysis the odds ratio for caries experience per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.83, 1.05; P = 0.26) and the odds ratio for dental general anaesthetic per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.22; P = 0.72). This Mendelian randomization study provides little evidence to support an inverse causal effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on dental caries. However, the estimates are imprecise and a larger study is required to refine these analyses. Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear. To determine the causal effect of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on dental caries experience, early caries onset and the requirement for a dental general anesthetic. A Mendelian randomization study was undertaken, using genetic variants known to be associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 5,545 European origin children from the South West of England. Data on caries and related characteristics were obtained from parental and child completed questionnaires between 38 and 91 months and clinical assessments in a random 10% sample at 31, 44 and 61 months. In multivariable confounder adjusted analyses no strong evidence for an association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with caries experience or severity was found but there was evidence for an association with early caries onset, or having a general anesthetic for dental problems. In Mendelian randomization analysis the odds ratio for caries experience per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.83, 1.05; P = 0.26) and the odds ratio for dental general anaesthetic per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.22; P = 0.72). This Mendelian randomization study provides little evidence to support an inverse causal effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on dental caries. However, the estimates are imprecise and a larger study is required to refine these analyses. Background Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear. Objective To determine the causal effect of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on dental caries experience, early caries onset and the requirement for a dental general anesthetic. Design A Mendelian randomization study was undertaken, using genetic variants known to be associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 5,545 European origin children from the South West of England. Data on caries and related characteristics were obtained from parental and child completed questionnaires between 38 and 91 months and clinical assessments in a random 10% sample at 31, 44 and 61 months. Results In multivariable confounder adjusted analyses no strong evidence for an association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with caries experience or severity was found but there was evidence for an association with early caries onset, or having a general anesthetic for dental problems. In Mendelian randomization analysis the odds ratio for caries experience per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.83, 1.05; P = 0.26) and the odds ratio for dental general anaesthetic per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.22; P = 0.72). Conclusions This Mendelian randomization study provides little evidence to support an inverse causal effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D on dental caries. However, the estimates are imprecise and a larger study is required to refine these analyses.
Audience	Academic
Author	Thomas, Steve J. Timpson, Nicholas J. Duncan, Karen Dudding, Tom Lawlor, Debbie A.
AuthorAffiliation	2 School of Oral and Dental Science, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom 1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Community and Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom UNC School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, UNITED STATES
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Community and Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom – name: 2 School of Oral and Dental Science, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom – name: UNC School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, UNITED STATES
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26692013$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: TD NJT. Performed the experiments: TD. Analyzed the data: TD. Wrote the paper: TD NJT SJT DAL. Collected data: KD.
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Snippet	Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear. To determine the... Background Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear.... Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear. To determine the... BACKGROUNDPrevious studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is... BackgroundPrevious studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is... Background Previous studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D and childhood dental caries, but whether this is causal is unclear....
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SubjectTerms	25-Hydroxyvitamin D Age Analysis Child Child, Preschool Childhood Children Confidence intervals Data dictionaries Dental caries Dental Caries - blood Dental Caries - epidemiology Dental Caries - genetics Early experience England - epidemiology Epidemiology Female Follow-Up Studies Genetic diversity Genetic variance Genomes Humans Hydroxycholecalciferols - blood Male Mortality Parents & parenting Physiological aspects Randomization Risk factors Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Systematic review Teeth Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency
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Title	Re-Examining the Association between Vitamin D and Childhood Caries
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