Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories

•Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories.•Stronger belief in conspiracy theories associated with lower analytic thinking.•Eliciting analytic thinking experimentally reduces conspiracist ideation. Belief in conspiracy theories has been associated with a range of negative health, civic...

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Published in:	Cognition Vol. 133; no. 3; pp. 572 - 585
Main Authors:	Swami, Viren, Voracek, Martin, Stieger, Stefan, Tran, Ulrich S., Furnham, Adrian
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.12.2014 Elsevier
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Analytic thinking Beliefs Biological and medical sciences Cognition Cognition. Intelligence Conspiracy Conspiracy theories Culture England Experiential thinking Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Miscellaneous Open-mindedness Personality Population Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Social psychology Social theory Thinking Thinking dispositions United Kingdom Young Adult Conspiracy theories Experiential thinking Analytic thinking Thinking dispositions Open-mindedness Belief Human Conspiracy theory Cognition
ISSN:	0010-0277, 1873-7838, 1873-7838
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	•Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories.•Stronger belief in conspiracy theories associated with lower analytic thinking.•Eliciting analytic thinking experimentally reduces conspiracist ideation. Belief in conspiracy theories has been associated with a range of negative health, civic, and social outcomes, requiring reliable methods of reducing such belief. Thinking dispositions have been highlighted as one possible factor associated with belief in conspiracy theories, but actual relationships have only been infrequently studied. In Study 1, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and a range of measures of thinking dispositions in a British sample (N=990). Results indicated that a stronger belief in conspiracy theories was significantly associated with lower analytic thinking and open-mindedness and greater intuitive thinking. In Studies 2–4, we examined the causational role played by analytic thinking in relation to conspiracist ideation. In Study 2 (N=112), we showed that a verbal fluency task that elicited analytic thinking reduced belief in conspiracy theories. In Study 3 (N=189), we found that an alternative method of eliciting analytic thinking, which related to cognitive disfluency, was effective at reducing conspiracist ideation in a student sample. In Study 4, we replicated the results of Study 3 among a general population sample (N=140) in relation to generic conspiracist ideation and belief in conspiracy theories about the July 7, 2005, bombings in London. Our results highlight the potential utility of supporting attempts to promote analytic thinking as a means of countering the widespread acceptance of conspiracy theories.
AbstractList	Belief in conspiracy theories has been associated with a range of negative health, civic, and social outcomes, requiring reliable methods of reducing such belief. Thinking dispositions have been highlighted as one possible factor associated with belief in conspiracy theories, but actual relationships have only been infrequently studied. In Study 1, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and a range of measures of thinking dispositions in a British sample (N =990). Results indicated that a stronger belief in conspiracy theories was significantly associated with lower analytic thinking and open-mindedness and greater intuitive thinking. In Studies 2-4, we examined the causational role played by analytic thinking in relation to conspiracist ideation. In Study 2 (N =112), we showed that a verbal fluency task that elicited analytic thinking reduced belief in conspiracy theories. In Study 3 (N =189), we found that an alternative method of eliciting analytic thinking, which related to cognitive disfluency, was effective at reducing conspiracist ideation in a student sample. In Study 4, we replicated the results of Study 3 among a general population sample (N =140) in relation to generic conspiracist ideation and belief in conspiracy theories about the July 7, 2005, bombings in London. Our results highlight the potential utility of supporting attempts to promote analytic thinking as a means of countering the widespread acceptance of conspiracy theories. All rights reserved, Elsevier Belief in conspiracy theories has been associated with a range of negative health, civic, and social outcomes, requiring reliable methods of reducing such belief. Thinking dispositions have been highlighted as one possible factor associated with belief in conspiracy theories, but actual relationships have only been infrequently studied. In Study 1, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and a range of measures of thinking dispositions in a British sample (N=990). Results indicated that a stronger belief in conspiracy theories was significantly associated with lower analytic thinking and open-mindedness and greater intuitive thinking. In Studies 2-4, we examined the causational role played by analytic thinking in relation to conspiracist ideation. In Study 2 (N=112), we showed that a verbal fluency task that elicited analytic thinking reduced belief in conspiracy theories. In Study 3 (N=189), we found that an alternative method of eliciting analytic thinking, which related to cognitive disfluency, was effective at reducing conspiracist ideation in a student sample. In Study 4, we replicated the results of Study 3 among a general population sample (N=140) in relation to generic conspiracist ideation and belief in conspiracy theories about the July 7, 2005, bombings in London. Our results highlight the potential utility of supporting attempts to promote analytic thinking as a means of countering the widespread acceptance of conspiracy theories. •Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories.•Stronger belief in conspiracy theories associated with lower analytic thinking.•Eliciting analytic thinking experimentally reduces conspiracist ideation. Belief in conspiracy theories has been associated with a range of negative health, civic, and social outcomes, requiring reliable methods of reducing such belief. Thinking dispositions have been highlighted as one possible factor associated with belief in conspiracy theories, but actual relationships have only been infrequently studied. In Study 1, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and a range of measures of thinking dispositions in a British sample (N=990). Results indicated that a stronger belief in conspiracy theories was significantly associated with lower analytic thinking and open-mindedness and greater intuitive thinking. In Studies 2–4, we examined the causational role played by analytic thinking in relation to conspiracist ideation. In Study 2 (N=112), we showed that a verbal fluency task that elicited analytic thinking reduced belief in conspiracy theories. In Study 3 (N=189), we found that an alternative method of eliciting analytic thinking, which related to cognitive disfluency, was effective at reducing conspiracist ideation in a student sample. In Study 4, we replicated the results of Study 3 among a general population sample (N=140) in relation to generic conspiracist ideation and belief in conspiracy theories about the July 7, 2005, bombings in London. Our results highlight the potential utility of supporting attempts to promote analytic thinking as a means of countering the widespread acceptance of conspiracy theories. Belief in conspiracy theories has been associated with a range of negative health, civic, and social outcomes, requiring reliable methods of reducing such belief. Thinking dispositions have been highlighted as one possible factor associated with belief in conspiracy theories, but actual relationships have only been infrequently studied. In Study 1, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and a range of measures of thinking dispositions in a British sample (N=990). Results indicated that a stronger belief in conspiracy theories was significantly associated with lower analytic thinking and open-mindedness and greater intuitive thinking. In Studies 2-4, we examined the causational role played by analytic thinking in relation to conspiracist ideation. In Study 2 (N=112), we showed that a verbal fluency task that elicited analytic thinking reduced belief in conspiracy theories. In Study 3 (N=189), we found that an alternative method of eliciting analytic thinking, which related to cognitive disfluency, was effective at reducing conspiracist ideation in a student sample. In Study 4, we replicated the results of Study 3 among a general population sample (N=140) in relation to generic conspiracist ideation and belief in conspiracy theories about the July 7, 2005, bombings in London. Our results highlight the potential utility of supporting attempts to promote analytic thinking as a means of countering the widespread acceptance of conspiracy theories.Belief in conspiracy theories has been associated with a range of negative health, civic, and social outcomes, requiring reliable methods of reducing such belief. Thinking dispositions have been highlighted as one possible factor associated with belief in conspiracy theories, but actual relationships have only been infrequently studied. In Study 1, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and a range of measures of thinking dispositions in a British sample (N=990). Results indicated that a stronger belief in conspiracy theories was significantly associated with lower analytic thinking and open-mindedness and greater intuitive thinking. In Studies 2-4, we examined the causational role played by analytic thinking in relation to conspiracist ideation. In Study 2 (N=112), we showed that a verbal fluency task that elicited analytic thinking reduced belief in conspiracy theories. In Study 3 (N=189), we found that an alternative method of eliciting analytic thinking, which related to cognitive disfluency, was effective at reducing conspiracist ideation in a student sample. In Study 4, we replicated the results of Study 3 among a general population sample (N=140) in relation to generic conspiracist ideation and belief in conspiracy theories about the July 7, 2005, bombings in London. Our results highlight the potential utility of supporting attempts to promote analytic thinking as a means of countering the widespread acceptance of conspiracy theories.
Author	Furnham, Adrian Voracek, Martin Tran, Ulrich S. Stieger, Stefan Swami, Viren
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Viren surname: Swami fullname: Swami, Viren email: v.swami@westminster.ac.uk organization: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Martin surname: Voracek fullname: Voracek, Martin organization: Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Stefan surname: Stieger fullname: Stieger, Stefan organization: Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria – sequence: 4 givenname: Ulrich S. surname: Tran fullname: Tran, Ulrich S. organization: Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria – sequence: 5 givenname: Adrian surname: Furnham fullname: Furnham, Adrian organization: Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Science, University College London, London, UK
BackLink	http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28902403$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217762$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	•Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories.•Stronger belief in conspiracy theories associated with lower analytic thinking.•Eliciting analytic... Belief in conspiracy theories has been associated with a range of negative health, civic, and social outcomes, requiring reliable methods of reducing such...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Aged Analytic thinking Beliefs Biological and medical sciences Cognition Cognition. Intelligence Conspiracy Conspiracy theories Culture England Experiential thinking Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Miscellaneous Open-mindedness Personality Population Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Social psychology Social theory Thinking Thinking dispositions United Kingdom Young Adult
Title	Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories
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