Optogenetic Tools for Subcellular Applications in Neuroscience

The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes fluorescent sensors to visualize signaling events in living cells and optogenetic actuators enabling manipulation of numerous...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 96; no. 3; p. 572
Main Authors: Rost, Benjamin R, Schneider-Warme, Franziska, Schmitz, Dietmar, Hegemann, Peter
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.11.2017
Subjects:
Animals
Cell Physiological Phenomena - physiology
Humans
Intracellular Space - chemistry
Intracellular Space - genetics
Intracellular Space - metabolism
Neurons - chemistry
Neurons - physiology
Neurosciences - methods
Neurosciences - trends
Optogenetics - methods
Optogenetics - trends
Rhodopsin - analysis
Rhodopsin - genetics
Second Messenger Systems - physiology
neuroscience
Channelrhodopsin
optogenetics
subcellular targeting
organelles
neurons
trafficking
ISSN:1097-4199, 1097-4199
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Summary:The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes fluorescent sensors to visualize signaling events in living cells and optogenetic actuators enabling manipulation of numerous cellular activities. Most optogenetic tools are not targeted to specific subcellular compartments but are localized with limited discrimination throughout the cell. Therefore, optogenetic activation often does not reflect context-dependent effects of highly localized intracellular signaling events. Subcellular targeting is required to achieve more specific optogenetic readouts and photomanipulation. Here we first provide a detailed overview of the available optogenetic tools with a focus on optogenetic actuators. Second, we review established strategies for targeting these tools to specific subcellular compartments. Finally, we discuss useful tools and targeting strategies that are currently missing from the optogenetics repertoire and provide suggestions for novel subcellular optogenetic applications.
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ISSN:1097-4199
1097-4199
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.047