Optogenetic Tools for Subcellular Applications in Neuroscience

The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes fluorescent sensors to visualize signaling events in living cells and optogenetic actuators enabling manipulation of numerous...

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Vydáno v:	Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Ročník 96; číslo 3; s. 572
Hlavní autoři:	Rost, Benjamin R, Schneider-Warme, Franziska, Schmitz, Dietmar, Hegemann, Peter
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States 01.11.2017
Témata:	Animals Cell Physiological Phenomena - physiology Humans Intracellular Space - chemistry Intracellular Space - genetics Intracellular Space - metabolism Neurons - chemistry Neurons - physiology Neurosciences - methods Neurosciences - trends Optogenetics - methods Optogenetics - trends Rhodopsin - analysis Rhodopsin - genetics Second Messenger Systems - physiology neuroscience Channelrhodopsin optogenetics subcellular targeting organelles neurons trafficking
ISSN:	1097-4199, 1097-4199
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Shrnutí:	The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes fluorescent sensors to visualize signaling events in living cells and optogenetic actuators enabling manipulation of numerous cellular activities. Most optogenetic tools are not targeted to specific subcellular compartments but are localized with limited discrimination throughout the cell. Therefore, optogenetic activation often does not reflect context-dependent effects of highly localized intracellular signaling events. Subcellular targeting is required to achieve more specific optogenetic readouts and photomanipulation. Here we first provide a detailed overview of the available optogenetic tools with a focus on optogenetic actuators. Second, we review established strategies for targeting these tools to specific subcellular compartments. Finally, we discuss useful tools and targeting strategies that are currently missing from the optogenetics repertoire and provide suggestions for novel subcellular optogenetic applications.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1097-4199 1097-4199
DOI:	10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.047