Determinants and Consequences of Obesity

Objectives. To review the contribution of the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS and NHS II) in addressing hypotheses regarding risk factors for and consequences of obesity. Methods. Narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Results. Long-term NHS research has shown...

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Veröffentlicht in:American journal of public health (1971) Jg. 106; H. 9; S. 1656 - 1662
Hauptverfasser: Hruby, Adela, Manson, JoAnn E., Qi, Lu, Malik, Vasanti S., Rimm, Eric B., Sun, Qi, Willett, Walter C., Hu, Frank B.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States American Public Health Association 01.09.2016
Schlagworte:
Adult
AJPH Special Section: NHS Contributions
Beverages
Body mass index
Built environment
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Chronic Disease
Chronic illnesses
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology
Diet
Drinks
Epidemiologic Studies
Exercise/Physical Activity
Female
Fruit juices
Genetic factors
Genetics
Genomics
Grain
Health behavior
Health care
Health risk assessment
Health services
Humans
Job characteristics
Life Style
Lifestyles
Longitudinal Studies
Middle age
Middle Aged
Mortality
Mortality, Premature
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - etiology
Nurses
Nutrition/Food
Nuts
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - epidemiology
Obesity/Overweight/Underweight
Oils & fats
Overweight
Physical activity
Premature mortality
Prevention
Prevention programs
Prospective Studies
Public health
Questionnaires
Risk Factors
Screen time
Sedentary Lifestyle
Self report
Shift work
Shiftwork
Studies
Susceptibility
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
United States - epidemiology
Urban environments
Weight control
Weight gain
Women's Health
Womens health
Working conditions
United States > US
ISSN:0090-0036, 1541-0048, 1541-0048
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:Objectives. To review the contribution of the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS and NHS II) in addressing hypotheses regarding risk factors for and consequences of obesity. Methods. Narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Results. Long-term NHS research has shown that weight gain and being overweight or obese are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancers, and premature death. The cohorts have elucidated the role of dietary and lifestyle factors in obesity, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, poor diet quality, physical inactivity, prolonged screen time, short sleep duration or shift work, and built environment characteristics. Genome-wide association and gene–lifestyle interaction studies have shown that genetic factors predispose individuals to obesity but that such susceptibility can be attenuated by healthy lifestyle choices. This research has contributed to evolving clinical and public health guidelines on the importance of limiting weight gain through healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors. Conclusions. The NHS cohorts have contributed to our understanding of the risk factors for and consequences of obesity and made a lasting impact on clinical and public health guidelines on obesity prevention.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ObjectType-Feature-2
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Peer Reviewed
CONTRIBUTORS
A. Hruby drafted the article. All authors reviewed, edited, and made important intellectual contributions to the article.
Because of space restrictions and the large volume of references relevant to the Nurses’ Health Study, additional references are provided in a supplement to the online version of this article at http://www.ajph.org.
EDITOR’S NOTE
ISSN:0090-0036
1541-0048
1541-0048
DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303326