Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, but questions remain about the nature and kinetics of T cell priming. We performed longitudinal antigen-specific T cell analyses on healthy SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals prior to and following mRNA prime and boost vaccina...

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Published in:Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 54; no. 9; p. 2133
Main Authors: Painter, Mark M, Mathew, Divij, Goel, Rishi R, Apostolidis, Sokratis A, Pattekar, Ajinkya, Kuthuru, Oliva, Baxter, Amy E, Herati, Ramin S, Oldridge, Derek A, Gouma, Sigrid, Hicks, Philip, Dysinger, Sarah, Lundgreen, Kendall A, Kuri-Cervantes, Leticia, Adamski, Sharon, Hicks, Amanda, Korte, Scott, Giles, Josephine R, Weirick, Madison E, McAllister, Christopher M, Dougherty, Jeanette, Long, Sherea, D'Andrea, Kurt, Hamilton, Jacob T, Betts, Michael R, Bates, Paul, Hensley, Scott E, Grifoni, Alba, Weiskopf, Daniela, Sette, Alessandro, Greenplate, Allison R, Wherry, E John
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 14.09.2021
Subjects:
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
Adult
Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antigens, CD - metabolism
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte - metabolism
BNT162 Vaccine
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Female
Humans
Immunity, Cellular
Immunity, Humoral
Immunization, Secondary
Immunologic Memory
Lectins, C-Type - metabolism
Lymphocyte Activation
Male
Middle Aged
Peptides - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Th1 Cells - immunology
Vaccination
Young Adult
SARS-CoV-2
activation induced markers
AIM
Tfh
immunological memory
T cells
T follicular helper
Th1
mRNA vaccine
ISSN:1097-4180, 1097-4180
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, but questions remain about the nature and kinetics of T cell priming. We performed longitudinal antigen-specific T cell analyses on healthy SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals prior to and following mRNA prime and boost vaccination. Vaccination induced rapid antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses in naive subjects after the first dose, whereas CD8 T cell responses developed gradually and were variable in magnitude. Vaccine-induced Th1 and Tfh cell responses following the first dose correlated with post-boost CD8 T cells and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Integrated analysis revealed coordinated immune responses with distinct trajectories in SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals. Last, whereas booster vaccination improved T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive subjects, the second dose had little effect in SARS-CoV-2-recovered individuals. These findings highlight the role of rapidly primed CD4 T cells in coordinating responses to the second vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals.
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ISSN:1097-4180
1097-4180
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.001