Attention/Working Memory and Executive Function in Parkinson's Disease: Review, Critique, and Recommendations

Background Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well‐established non‐motor complication that significantly affects the quality of life and well‐being of both patients and care partners. To optimally detect mild cognitive impairment or dementia, extensive neuropsychological asse...

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Veröffentlicht in:Movement disorders Jg. 40; H. 9; S. 1791 - 1804
Hauptverfasser: Biundo, Roberta, Bezdicek, Ondrej, Cammisuli, Davide Maria, Cholerton, Brenna, Dalrymple‐Alford, John C., Edelstyn, Nicola, Fiorenzato, Eleonora, Holker, Erin, Martinez‐Horta, Saul, Martini, Alice, Santangelo, Gabriella, Segura, Barbara, Siri, Chiara, Tröster, Alexander, Mestre, Tiago A., Ferro, Álvaro Sánchez, Hyczy de Siqueira Tosin, Michelle, Skorvanek, Matej, Weintraub, Daniel, Geurtsen, Gert J.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2025
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Schlagworte:
Attention - physiology
attention‐executive functions
cognition
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis
Cognitive Dysfunction - etiology
Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology
Dementia disorders
Executive function
Executive Function - physiology
Humans
Literature reviews
Memory
Memory, Short-Term - physiology
Movement disorders
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuropsychological Tests - standards
Parkinson Disease - complications
Parkinson Disease - physiopathology
Parkinson's disease
psychometric properties
Quality of life
rating test
attention‐executive functions
psychometric properties
Parkinson's disease
cognition
rating test
ISSN:0885-3185, 1531-8257, 1531-8257
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Zusammenfassung:Background Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well‐established non‐motor complication that significantly affects the quality of life and well‐being of both patients and care partners. To optimally detect mild cognitive impairment or dementia, extensive neuropsychological assessment is essential. A wide range of cognitive tests and clinical outcome assessments have been used in clinical settings, often without regard to their clinimetric quality. Methods We performed a literature review of tests assessing attention/working memory and executive domains in PD (tests on other domains are included in an accompanying review). The selected tests were evaluated for their clinimetric properties and categorized by a panel of experts as “recommended,” “recommended with caveats,” “suggested,” or “listed” according to the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Clinical Outcome Assessment Scientific Evaluation Committee guidelines. Results A total of 30 tests were reviewed. Eight tests were “recommended,” including four tests assessing attention/working memory abilities (WAIS‐IV Digit Span, Coding and Symbol Search subtests, and Trail Making Test) and four tests assessing executive abilities (WAIS‐IV Similarities, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Fluency Tests, and Stroop Color‐Word Test). These tests demonstrated good to excellent levels of reliability and validity, have normative datasets, and are sensitive to change. Eight other tests were “recommended with caveats”, eleven were “suggested,” and three were “listed.” Conclusions The recommended tests for attention/working memory and executive functioning in PD can guide PD cognitive assessment. Other tests were identified as potentially useful; however, caution is advised due to their clinimetric limitations. Further validation studies are required for these tests. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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ISSN:0885-3185
1531-8257
1531-8257
DOI:10.1002/mds.30293