ESKAPE pathogens: antimicrobial resistance, epidemiology, clinical impact and therapeutics

The rise of antibiotic resistance and a dwindling antimicrobial pipeline have been recognized as emerging threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. - were...

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Published in:Nature reviews. Microbiology Vol. 22; no. 10; pp. 598 - 616
Main Authors: Miller, William R, Arias, Cesar A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Nature Publishing Group 01.10.2024
Subjects:
Acinetobacter baumannii - drug effects
Adjuvants
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Bacteria
Bacterial Infections - drug therapy
Bacterial Infections - epidemiology
Bacterial Infections - microbiology
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Enterococcus faecium - drug effects
Enterococcus faecium - genetics
Epidemiology
Humans
Impact resistance
Klebsiella
Klebsiella pneumoniae - drug effects
Multidrug resistance
Next-generation sequencing
Pathogens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - genetics
Public health
Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects
Staphylococcus aureus - genetics
β Lactamase
ISSN:1740-1526, 1740-1534, 1740-1534
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The rise of antibiotic resistance and a dwindling antimicrobial pipeline have been recognized as emerging threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. - were initially identified as critical multidrug-resistant bacteria for which effective therapies were rapidly needed. Now, entering the third decade of the twenty-first century, and despite the introduction of several new antibiotics and antibiotic adjuvants, such as novel β-lactamase inhibitors, these organisms continue to represent major therapeutic challenges. These bacteria share several key biological features, including adaptations for survival in the modern health-care setting, diverse methods for acquiring resistance determinants and the dissemination of successful high-risk clones around the world. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, novel tools to track and combat the spread of these organisms have rapidly evolved, as well as renewed interest in non-traditional antibiotic approaches. In this Review, we explore the current epidemiology and clinical impact of this important group of bacterial pathogens and discuss relevant mechanisms of resistance to recently introduced antibiotics that affect their use in clinical settings. Furthermore, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies needed for effective patient care in the era of widespread antimicrobial resistance.
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ISSN:1740-1526
1740-1534
1740-1534
DOI:10.1038/s41579-024-01054-w