The Human Connectome Project and beyond: initial applications of 300 mT/m gradients

The engineering of a 3 T human MRI scanner equipped with 300 mT/m gradients - the strongest gradients ever built for an in vivo human MRI scanner - was a major component of the NIH Blueprint Human Connectome Project (HCP). This effort was motivated by the HCP's goal of mapping, as completely as...

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Veröffentlicht in:NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Jg. 80; S. 234 - 245
Hauptverfasser: McNab, Jennifer A, Edlow, Brian L, Witzel, Thomas, Huang, Susie Y, Bhat, Himanshu, Heberlein, Keith, Feiweier, Thorsten, Liu, Kecheng, Keil, Boris, Cohen-Adad, Julien, Tisdall, M Dylan, Folkerth, Rebecca D, Kinney, Hannah C, Wald, Lawrence L
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States 15.10.2013
Schlagworte:
Adult
Animals
Brain - cytology
Brain - physiology
Connectome - methods
Diffusion Tensor Imaging - methods
Female
Humans
Image Enhancement - methods
Male
Models, Anatomic
Models, Neurological
Nerve Net - cytology
Nerve Net - physiology
Pilot Projects
Young Adult
In vivo
Human connectome
Consciousness
Tractography
Postmortem
Traumatic coma
Diffusion MRI
Axon diameter
Corpus callosum
ISSN:1095-9572, 1053-8119, 1095-9572
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:The engineering of a 3 T human MRI scanner equipped with 300 mT/m gradients - the strongest gradients ever built for an in vivo human MRI scanner - was a major component of the NIH Blueprint Human Connectome Project (HCP). This effort was motivated by the HCP's goal of mapping, as completely as possible, the macroscopic structural connections of the in vivo healthy, adult human brain using diffusion tractography. Yet, the 300 mT/m gradient system is well suited to many additional types of diffusion measurements. Here, we present three initial applications of the 300 mT/m gradients that fall outside the immediate scope of the HCP. These include: 1) diffusion tractography to study the anatomy of consciousness and the mechanisms of brain recovery following traumatic coma; 2) q-space measurements of axon diameter distributions in the in vivo human brain and 3) postmortem diffusion tractography as an adjunct to standard histopathological analysis. We show that the improved sensitivity and diffusion-resolution provided by the gradients are rapidly enabling human applications of techniques that were previously possible only for in vitro and animal models on small-bore scanners, thereby creating novel opportunities to map the microstructure of the human brain in health and disease.
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Jennifer A. McNab and Brian L. Edlow are co-first authors of this manuscript
ISSN:1095-9572
1053-8119
1095-9572
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.074