Ninety-day experimental hyperthyroidism in male rats: Effects on muscle contractility, fiber composition, oxidative stress, and nerve conduction

Hyperthyroidism generates a hypermetabolic state that promotes adaptations in the skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves leading to deleterious effects. However, there is a paucity of data and conflicting evidence on the influence of thyroid hormones on muscles with predominantly glycolytic fibers an...

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Veröffentlicht in:Physiological reports Jg. 13; H. 23; S. e70669
Hauptverfasser: Peixoto, João Victor Capelli, Ferrari, Marcelo Cardoso, Lourenço, Sarah Lethícia, Zazula, Matheus Felipe, Stipp, Maria Carolina, Beltrame, Olair Carlos, Acco, Alexandra, Naliwaiko, Katya, Dias, Fernando Augusto Lavezzo, Fogaça, Rosalvo Tadeu Hochmueller
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.12.2025
Schlagworte:
Action potential
Animal models
Animals
Antioxidants
Atrophy
Catalase - metabolism
Diaphragm
Diaphragm - metabolism
Diaphragm - physiopathology
Fatigue
Glycolysis
Hormones
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism - chemically induced
Hyperthyroidism - metabolism
Hyperthyroidism - physiopathology
Immunoassay
Kinases
Laboratory animals
Latency
Male
Metabolism
Muscle contraction
Muscle Contraction - physiology
Muscle Fatigue
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology
Musculoskeletal system
Nerve conduction
Neural Conduction - physiology
Oxidative Stress
Peripheral nerves
Plasma
Proteins
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Sciatic nerve
Sciatic Nerve - metabolism
Sciatic Nerve - physiopathology
Skeletal muscle
Superoxide dismutase
Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism
Thyroid gland
Thyroid hormones
Thyroxine
Brazil
fiber type
diaphragm
hyperthyroidism
EDL
oxidative stress
rodents
ISSN:2051-817X, 2051-817X
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Zusammenfassung:Hyperthyroidism generates a hypermetabolic state that promotes adaptations in the skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves leading to deleterious effects. However, there is a paucity of data and conflicting evidence on the influence of thyroid hormones on muscles with predominantly glycolytic fibers and on peripheral nerves. We assessed the contractility, oxidative stress, and muscle fiber composition in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm, in addition to assessing the nerve conduction in isolated sciatic nerve in a Wistar rat model of chronic hyperthyroidism, induced by levothyroxine over 13 weeks. In hyperthyroid rats, the EDL increased the speed of relaxation associated with loss of muscle mass and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The diaphragm gained resistance to fatigue associated with an increment in type IIa fibers at the expense of type I and IIb fibers and an increase in SOD and catalase (CAT) activities. In the sciatic nerve, latency, time to peak, and duration of compound action potential were maintained. Chronic hyperthyroidism elicits differential muscle-specific adaptations. While the diaphragm enhances fatigue resistance and antioxidant response, the EDL undergoes atrophy and diminished antioxidant capacity. The observed changes in the sciatic nerve highlight the systemic impact of hyperthyroidism beyond direct muscle effects.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:2051-817X
2051-817X
DOI:10.14814/phy2.70669