Wideband Sparse Array Synthesis With Frequency-Invariant Pencil Beampatterns Using l0-Norm Minimization

This paper studies wideband sparse array synthesis with frequency-invariant pencil beampatterns by joint sparsification of array elements and beamformer tap weights. Unlike the popularly used sparse synthesis methods based on reweighted l 1 -norm minimization, which may lead to less sparse solutions...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation p. 1
Main Authors: Wang, Caizhi, Chen, Huawei
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 24.11.2025
Subjects:
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alternating direction method of multipliers
Convex functions
Finite element analysis
frequency invariant beampattern
Frequency measurement
Frequency synthesizers
Minimization
Optimization
Robustness
Vectors
White noise
Wideband
wideband beampattern synthesis
Wideband sparse arrays
ISSN:0018-926X
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Summary:This paper studies wideband sparse array synthesis with frequency-invariant pencil beampatterns by joint sparsification of array elements and beamformer tap weights. Unlike the popularly used sparse synthesis methods based on reweighted l 1 -norm minimization, which may lead to less sparse solutions due to the approximation of l 0 -norm by weighted l 1 -norm, this paper devotes to synthesize wideband sparse arrays by directly using the l 0 -norm minimization. To effectively address the l 0 -norm minimization based synthesis problem, an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) solution using the iterative hard thresholding is developed. Under the ADMM framework, the original high-dimensional optimization problem is decomposed into several easier to handle subproblems. The closed-form solution to each subproblem is derived and thus yields computationally efficient synthesis of wideband sparse arrays. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed synthesis can save more array elements and beamformer tap weights than its existing counterpart. Moreover, the proposed synthesis is also shown to be much more efficient in terms of synthesis time.
ISSN:0018-926X
DOI:10.1109/TAP.2025.3634796