The climate velocity of the contiguous United States during the 20th century

Rapid climate change has the potential to affect economic, social, and biological systems. A concern for species conservation is whether or not the rate of on‐going climate change will exceed the rate at which species can adapt or move to suitable environments. Here we assess the climate velocity (b...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Global change biology Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 241 - 251
Main Authors:	Dobrowski, Solomon Z., Abatzoglou, John, Swanson, Alan K., Greenberg, Jonathan A., Mynsberge, Alison R., Holden, Zachary A., Schwartz, Michael K.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2013 Wiley-Blackwell
Subjects:	Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences Climate Change climate change impacts climate change velocity climate velocity vectors Climatic data climatic factors climatic water balance Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change Conservation biology Earth, ocean, space economics Evapotranspiration Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Global warming History, 20th Century Meteorology temperature United States Water balance Water deficit United States North America America United States > US USA Dynamical climatology Climatic condition Climate change Climate climate change velocity climatic water balance climate change impacts Environmental factor Water balance Vector climate velocity vectors
ISSN:	1354-1013, 1365-2486
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	Rapid climate change has the potential to affect economic, social, and biological systems. A concern for species conservation is whether or not the rate of on‐going climate change will exceed the rate at which species can adapt or move to suitable environments. Here we assess the climate velocity (both climate displacement rate and direction) for minimum temperature, actual evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit (deficit) over the contiguous US during the 20th century (1916–2005). Vectors for these variables demonstrate a complex mosaic of patterns that vary spatially and temporally and are dependent on the spatial resolution of input climate data. Velocities for variables that characterize the climatic water balance were similar in magnitude to that derived from temperature, but frequently differed in direction resulting in the divergence of climate vectors through time. Our results strain expectations of poleward and upslope migration over the past century due to warming. Instead, they suggest that a more full understanding of changes in multiple climatic factors, in addition to temperature, may help explain unexpected or conflicting observational evidence of climate‐driven species range shifts during the 20th century.
AbstractList	Rapid climate change has the potential to affect economic, social, and biological systems. A concern for species conservation is whether or not the rate of on-going climate change will exceed the rate at which species can adapt or move to suitable environments. Here we assess the climate velocity (both climate displacement rate and direction) for minimum temperature, actual evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit (deficit) over the contiguous US during the 20th century (1916-2005). Vectors for these variables demonstrate a complex mosaic of patterns that vary spatially and temporally and are dependent on the spatial resolution of input climate data. Velocities for variables that characterize the climatic water balance were similar in magnitude to that derived from temperature, but frequently differed in direction resulting in the divergence of climate vectors through time. Our results strain expectations of poleward and upslope migration over the past century due to warming. Instead, they suggest that a more full understanding of changes in multiple climatic factors, in addition to temperature, may help explain unexpected or conflicting observational evidence of climate-driven species range shifts during the 20th century.Rapid climate change has the potential to affect economic, social, and biological systems. A concern for species conservation is whether or not the rate of on-going climate change will exceed the rate at which species can adapt or move to suitable environments. Here we assess the climate velocity (both climate displacement rate and direction) for minimum temperature, actual evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit (deficit) over the contiguous US during the 20th century (1916-2005). Vectors for these variables demonstrate a complex mosaic of patterns that vary spatially and temporally and are dependent on the spatial resolution of input climate data. Velocities for variables that characterize the climatic water balance were similar in magnitude to that derived from temperature, but frequently differed in direction resulting in the divergence of climate vectors through time. Our results strain expectations of poleward and upslope migration over the past century due to warming. Instead, they suggest that a more full understanding of changes in multiple climatic factors, in addition to temperature, may help explain unexpected or conflicting observational evidence of climate-driven species range shifts during the 20th century. Rapid climate change has the potential to affect economic, social, and biological systems. A concern for species conservation is whether or not the rate of on‐going climate change will exceed the rate at which species can adapt or move to suitable environments. Here we assess the climate velocity (both climate displacement rate and direction) for minimum temperature, actual evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit (deficit) over the contiguous US during the 20th century (1916–2005). Vectors for these variables demonstrate a complex mosaic of patterns that vary spatially and temporally and are dependent on the spatial resolution of input climate data. Velocities for variables that characterize the climatic water balance were similar in magnitude to that derived from temperature, but frequently differed in direction resulting in the divergence of climate vectors through time. Our results strain expectations of poleward and upslope migration over the past century due to warming. Instead, they suggest that a more full understanding of changes in multiple climatic factors, in addition to temperature, may help explain unexpected or conflicting observational evidence of climate‐driven species range shifts during the 20th century. Rapid climate change has the potential to affect economic, social, and biological systems. A concern for species conservation is whether or not the rate of on-going climate change will exceed the rate at which species can adapt or move to suitable environments. Here we assess the climate velocity (both climate displacement rate and direction) for minimum temperature, actual evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit (deficit) over the contiguous US during the 20th century (1916-2005). Vectors for these variables demonstrate a complex mosaic of patterns that vary spatially and temporally and are dependent on the spatial resolution of input climate data. Velocities for variables that characterize the climatic water balance were similar in magnitude to that derived from temperature, but frequently differed in direction resulting in the divergence of climate vectors through time. Our results strain expectations of poleward and upslope migration over the past century due to warming. Instead, they suggest that a more full understanding of changes in multiple climatic factors, in addition to temperature, may help explain unexpected or conflicting observational evidence of climate-driven species range shifts during the 20th century. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author	Greenberg, Jonathan A. Swanson, Alan K. Abatzoglou, John Holden, Zachary A. Dobrowski, Solomon Z. Mynsberge, Alison R. Schwartz, Michael K.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Solomon Z. surname: Dobrowski fullname: Dobrowski, Solomon Z. email: solomon.dobrowski@umontana.edu organization: Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: John surname: Abatzoglou fullname: Abatzoglou, John organization: Department of Geography, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Alan K. surname: Swanson fullname: Swanson, Alan K. organization: Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Jonathan A. surname: Greenberg fullname: Greenberg, Jonathan A. organization: Department of Geography, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champagne, IL 61801, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Alison R. surname: Mynsberge fullname: Mynsberge, Alison R. organization: Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Zachary A. surname: Holden fullname: Holden, Zachary A. organization: U.S. Forest Service Region 1, Missoula, MT 59807, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Michael K. surname: Schwartz fullname: Schwartz, Michael K. organization: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
BackLink	http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26846319$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23504735$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNqFkVtvEzEQhS1URC_wwB9AKyEkXrb1eHzZPEIEASkCIVK1b5Zje1OXjbdde4H8e5wLReKlfvGR_Z3RzJxTchT76Al5CfQcyrlY2eU5MMrkE3ICKEXNeCOPtlrwGijgMTlN6ZZSiozKZ-SYoaBcoTgh88WNr2wX1ib76qfvehvypurbKm_f-5jDauzHVF3GkL2rvufCpcqNQ4irHcNovqmsj3kcNs_J09Z0yb843Gfk8uOHxfRTPf86-zx9N68DVxNZ23YCzDEDggnwxjhOpRLLFpyjwjDXOs6hRbSGt4xJAxLaIpYKjUAmJnhG3u7r3g39_ehT1uuQrO86E31pVoOUKCa0aeTjKIJqBGeIj6NMKKVEmaCgr_9Db_txiGXmQjGG0Khdm68O1Lhce6fvhrLmYaP_br8Abw6ASdZ07WCiDekfJxsuEbaFLvbcr9D5zcM_UL2NX5f49S5-PZu-34niqPeOkLL__eAwww8tFSqhr77MtLi-uuaLb3M9wz_c7K8E
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2014 INIST-CNRS 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd – notice: 2014 INIST-CNRS – notice: 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. – notice: Copyright © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DBID	BSCLL IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7SN 7UA C1K F1W H97 L.G 7QH 7ST 7TG 7U6 KL. SOI 7X8 7S9 L.6
DOI	10.1111/gcb.12026
DatabaseName	Istex Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Ecology Abstracts Water Resources Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Aqualine Environment Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Sustainability Science Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic Environment Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitle	MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Ecology Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Water Resources Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Sustainability Science Abstracts Aqualine Environment Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional MEDLINE Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Meteorology & Climatology Biology Environmental Sciences Economics
EISSN	1365-2486
EndPage	251
ExternalDocumentID	2833223091 23504735 26846319 GCB12026 ark_67375_WNG_5XWX4TQL_G
Genre	article Historical Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S Journal Article Feature
GeographicLocations	United States North America America United States--US USA
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: United States – name: United States--US – name: USA
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: National Science Foundation funderid: 0814387; 0819430 – fundername: USDA CSREES funderid: 2008‐38420‐19524 – fundername: USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station funderid: JV11221635‐201
GroupedDBID	-DZ .3N .GA .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 1OB 1OC 29I 31~ 33P 3SF 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52S 52T 52U 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5HH 5LA 5VS 66C 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHBH AAHQN AAMMB AAMNL AANHP AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAXRX AAYCA AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABEFU ABEML ABJNI ABPVW ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCZN ACGFS ACPOU ACPRK ACRPL ACSCC ACXBN ACXQS ACYXJ ADBBV ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADNMO ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN AEFGJ AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEUYR AEYWJ AFBPY AFEBI AFFPM AFGKR AFRAH AFWVQ AFZJQ AGHNM AGQPQ AGXDD AGYGG AHBTC AHEFC AIDQK AIDYY AIQQE AITYG AIURR AJXKR ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ AMBMR AMYDB ASPBG ATUGU AUFTA AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMNLL BMXJE BNHUX BROTX BRXPI BSCLL BY8 C45 CAG COF CS3 D-E D-F DC6 DCZOG DDYGU DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRSTM DU5 EBS ECGQY EJD F00 F01 F04 FEDTE FZ0 G-S G.N GODZA H.T H.X HF~ HGLYW HVGLF HZI HZ~ IHE IX1 J0M K48 LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRSTM MSFUL MSSTM MXFUL MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ O66 O9- OIG OVD P2P P2W P2X P4D PALCI PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 R.K RIWAO RJQFR ROL RX1 SAMSI SUPJJ TEORI UB1 UQL VOH W8V W99 WBKPD WIH WIK WNSPC WOHZO WQJ WXSBR WYISQ XG1 Y6R ZZTAW ~02 ~IA ~KM ~WT IQODW AAHHS ACCFJ ADZOD AEEZP AEQDE AIWBW AJBDE CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7SN 7UA C1K F1W H97 L.G 7QH 7ST 7TG 7U6 KL. SOI 7X8 7S9 L.6
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-i4796-cf912d2a15251eaad40675bf1dd05a2dfd441f33ca4f226a161ff22b73a532593
IEDL.DBID	DRFUL
ISICitedReferencesCount	252
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000312155100020&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1354-1013
IngestDate	Fri Jul 11 18:30:09 EDT 2025 Thu Jul 10 18:27:17 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 09:52:12 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 11:05:28 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:00:55 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:13:26 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 20 07:24:27 EDT 2025 Sun Sep 21 06:23:00 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	1
Keywords	Dynamical climatology Climatic condition Climate change Climate climate change velocity climatic water balance climate change impacts Environmental factor Water balance Vector climate velocity vectors
Language	English
License	CC BY 4.0 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-i4796-cf912d2a15251eaad40675bf1dd05a2dfd441f33ca4f226a161ff22b73a532593
Notes	National Science Foundation - No. 0814387; No. 0819430 USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station - No. JV11221635-201 ArticleID:GCB12026 USDA CSREES - No. 2008-38420-19524 ark:/67375/WNG-5XWX4TQL-G Appendix A. Detailed methods for water balance model.Appendix B. Code for replicating water balance calculations in R.Appendix C. Validation of climate gradients used in water balance model. istex:D4631C78860BF0246732A1F09F389E2509AEBABB SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
PMID	23504735
PQID	1222318759
PQPubID	30327
PageCount	11
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_1663590886 proquest_miscellaneous_1317854233 proquest_miscellaneous_1257775796 proquest_journals_1222318759 pubmed_primary_23504735 pascalfrancis_primary_26846319 wiley_primary_10_1111_gcb_12026_GCB12026 istex_primary_ark_67375_WNG_5XWX4TQL_G
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	January 2013
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2013-01-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 01 year: 2013 text: January 2013
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	Oxford
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Oxford – name: England
PublicationTitle	Global change biology
PublicationTitleAlternate	Glob Change Biol
PublicationYear	2013
Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley-Blackwell
Publisher_xml	– name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Wiley-Blackwell
References	van Mantgem PJ, Stephenson NL (2007) Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest. Ecology Letters, 10, 909-916. Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements-FAO IRRIGATION and Drainage Paper 56. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Caspersen JP, Kobe RK (2011) Interspecific variation in sapling mortality in relation to growth and soil moisture. Oikos, 92, 160-168. Smith A (in press) The relative influence of temperature, moisture, and their interaction on range limits of mammals over the past century. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Stephenson N (1998) Actual evapotranspiration and deficit: biologically meaningful correlates of vegetation distribution across spatial scales. Journal of Biogeography, 25, 855-870. Jackson ST, Overpeck JT (2000) Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary. Paleobiology, 26, 194-220. O'Brien EM (1998) Water-energy dynamics, climate and prediction of woody plant species-richness: an interim general model. Journal of Biogeography, 25, 379-398. Tingley MW, Koo MS, Moritz C, Rush AC, Beissinger SR (in press) The push and pull of climate change causes heterogeneous shifts in avian elevational ranges. Global Change Biology, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02784.x Austin MP (1985) Continuum concept, ordination methods, and niche theory. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16, 39-61. Stephenson N (1990) Climatic control of vegetation distribution : the role of the water balance. American Naturalist, 135, 649-670. Dobrowski SZ, Thorne JH, Greenberg JA, Safford HD, Mynsberge AR, Crimmins SM, Swanson AK (2011) Modeling plant distributions over 75 years of measured climate change in California, USA: relating temporal transferability to species traits. Ecological Monographs, 81, 241-257. Crimmins SM, Dobrowski SZ, Greenberg JA, Abatzoglou JT, Mynsberge AR (2011) Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations. Science, 331, 324-327. Dalsgaard B, Magard E, Fjeldsa J et al. (2011) Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation, and Quaternary climate-change velocity. PLoS ONE, 6, e25891. Pan Z, Arritt RW, Takle ES, Gutowski WJ, Anderson CJ, Segal M (2004) Altered hydrologic feedback in a warming climate introduces a "warming hole." Geophysical Research Letters, 31, 2-5. Parmesan C, Yohe G (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421, 37-42. Hof C, Levinsky I, Araújo MB, Rahbek C (2011) Rethinking species' ability to cope with rapid climate change. Global Change Biology, 17, 2987-2990. Santer BD, Boyle J, Hnilo J et al. (2000) Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer-average atmospheric temperature time series. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 7337-7356. Williams JW, Jackson ST, Kutzbach JE (2007) Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 5738-5742. Francis AP, Currie DJ (2003) A globally consistent richness-climate relationship for angiosperms. The American Naturalist, 161, 523-536. McVicar TR, Roderic ML, Donohue RJ et al. (2012) Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds: implications for evaporation. Journal of Hydrology, 416-417, 182-205. Inouye DW (2000) The ecological and evolutionary significance of frost in the context of climate change. Ecology Letters, 3, 457-463. Kobe RK (1996) Intraspecific variation in sapling mortality and growth predicts geographic variation in forest composition. Ecological Monographs, 66, 181-201. Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 37, 637-669. Hoffmann AA, Sgrò CM (2011) Climate change and evolutionary adaptation. Nature, 470, 479-485. Abatzoglou JT, Redmond KT (2007) Asymmetry between trends in spring and autumn temperature and circulation regimes over western North America. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, 1-5. Thomas CD, Cameron A, Green RE et al. (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature, 427, 145-148. Woodward FI, Lomas MR, Kelly CK (2004) Global climate and the distribution of plant biomes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 359, 1465-1476. Davis MB, Shaw RG (2001) Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change. Science, 292, 673-679. Roderick ML, Farquhar GD (2002) The cause of decreased pan evaporation over the past 50 years. Science, 15, 1410-1411. Hampe A, Jump AS (2011) Climate relicts: past, present, future. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 42, 313-333. Svenning JC (2003) Deterministic Plio-Pleistocene extinctions in the European cool temperate tree flora. Ecology Letters, 6, 646-653. Olea RA (1990). Geostatistical Glossary and Multilingual Dictionary. Oxford University Press, New York. Montoya JM, Raffaelli D (2010) Climate change, biotic interactions and ecosystem services. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 365, 2013-2018. Bertrand R, Lenoir J, Piedallu C et al. (2011) Changes in plant community composition lag behind climate warming in lowland forests. Nature, 479, 517-520. Gavin DG, Hu FS (2006). Spatial variation of climatic and non-climatic controls on species distribution: the range limit of Tsuga heterophylla. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 1384-1396. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01509.x Willis KJ, MacDonald GM (2011) Long term ecological records and their relevance to climate change predictions for a warmer world. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 42, 267-287. Daly C, Halbleib M, Smith JI, Gibson WP, Doggett MK, Taylor GH, Pasteris PP (2008) Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States. International Journal of Climatology, 28, 2031-2064. Parmesan C (2007) Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming. Global Change Biology, 13, 1860-1872. Ackerly DD, Loarie SR, Cornwell WK, Weiss SB, Hamilton H, Branciforte R, Kraft NJ (2010) The geography of climate change: implications for conservation biogeography. Diversity and Distributions, 16, 476-487. Pausas JG, Austin MP (2001) Patterns of plant species richness in relation to different environments: an appraisal. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 153-166. Lutz JA, van Wagtendonk JW, Franklin JF (2010) Climatic water deficit, tree species ranges, and climate change in Yosemite National Park. Journal of Biogeography, 37, 936-950. Mesinger F, DiMego G, Kalnay E et al. (2006) North American regional reanalysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 87, 343-360. Burrows MT, Schoeman DS, Buckley LB, et al. (2011) The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Science, 652, 652-655. Lenoir J, Gégout JC, Guisan A et al. (2010) Going against the flow: potential mechanisms for unexpected downslope range shifts in a warming climate. Ecography, 33, 295-303. Loarie SR, Duffy PB, Hamilton H, Asner GP, Field CB, Ackerly DD (2009) The velocity of climate change. Nature, 462, 1052-1055. Angert AL, Crozier LG, Rissler LJ, Gilman SE, Tewksbury JJ, Chunco AJ (2011) Do species' traits predict recent shifts at expanding range edges? Ecology Letters, 14, 677-689. Woodward FI (1987) Climate and Plant Distribution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Littell JS, Peterson DL, Tjoelker M (2008) Douglas-fir growth in mountain ecosystems: water limits tree growth from stand to region. Ecological Monographs, 78, 349-368. Chen IC, Hill JK, Ohlemüller R, Roy DB, Thomas CD (2011) Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science, 333, 1024-1026. Portmann RW, Solomon S, Hegerl GC (2009) Spatial and seasonal patterns in climate change, temperatures, and precipitation across the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 7324-7329. Dobrowski SZ (2011) A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate. Global Change Biology, 17, 1022-1035. Clark JS, Fastie C, Hurtt G et al. (1998) Reid 's Paradox of Plant Rapid Migration Dispersal theory and interpretation of paleoecological records. BioScience, 48, 13-24. Botkin DB, Saxe H, Araújo MB et al. (2010) Forecasting the effects of global warming on biodiversity. BioScience, 57, 227-236. Millar CI, Westfall RD, Delany DL, King JC, Graumlich LJ (2004) Response of Subalpine Conifers in the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., to 20th-Century warming and decadal climate variability. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 36, 181-200. Mitchell KE, Lohmann D, Houser PR et al. (2004) The multi-institution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, 1-32. He F, Hubbell SP (2011) Species-area relationships always over estimate extinction rates from habitat loss. Nature, 473, 368-371. Zhu K, Woodall CW, Clark JS (2011) Failure to migrate: lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change. Global Change Biology, 18, 1042-1052. Sandel B, Arge L, Dalsgaard B, Davies RG, Gaston KJ, Sutherland WJ, Svenning JC (2011) The influence of late Quaternary climate-change velocity on species endemism. Science, 334, 660-664. Cleland EE, Chuine I, Menzel A, Mooney HA, Schwartz MD (2007) Shifting plant phenology in response to global change. Trends in ecology & evolution, 22, 357-365. Urban DL, Miller C, Halpin PN, Stephenson NL (2000) Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template. Landscape 2011; 479 1998; 48 2007; 104 2002; 15 2010; 16 2010; 57 2006; 33 2000; 3 2006; 37 2008; 78 2011; 14 2011; 17 2011; 470 2007; 34 2011; 18 2011; 473 2004; 31 1990 2000; 15 2001; 292 2004; 36 2003; 6 2008; 28 1987 2003; 161 2001; 12 1990; 135 2007; 22 1985; 16 1996; 66 2010; 33 2011; 334 2011; 652 2011; 333 2010; 37 2000; 26 2011; 81 2010; 365 1998 2007; 10 2004; 427 2011; 6 2007; 13 2011; 331 1998; 25 2012; 416‐417 2006; 87 2000; 105 2011; 92 1999; III 2011; 42 2009; 462 109 2003; 421 2004; 359 2009; 106
References_xml	– reference: Cleland EE, Chuine I, Menzel A, Mooney HA, Schwartz MD (2007) Shifting plant phenology in response to global change. Trends in ecology & evolution, 22, 357-365. – reference: Montoya JM, Raffaelli D (2010) Climate change, biotic interactions and ecosystem services. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 365, 2013-2018. – reference: Francis AP, Currie DJ (2003) A globally consistent richness-climate relationship for angiosperms. The American Naturalist, 161, 523-536. – reference: Bertrand R, Lenoir J, Piedallu C et al. (2011) Changes in plant community composition lag behind climate warming in lowland forests. Nature, 479, 517-520. – reference: Parmesan C (2007) Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming. Global Change Biology, 13, 1860-1872. – reference: Burrows MT, Schoeman DS, Buckley LB, et al. (2011) The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Science, 652, 652-655. – reference: Lutz JA, van Wagtendonk JW, Franklin JF (2010) Climatic water deficit, tree species ranges, and climate change in Yosemite National Park. Journal of Biogeography, 37, 936-950. – reference: Angert AL, Crozier LG, Rissler LJ, Gilman SE, Tewksbury JJ, Chunco AJ (2011) Do species' traits predict recent shifts at expanding range edges? Ecology Letters, 14, 677-689. – reference: Ackerly DD, Loarie SR, Cornwell WK, Weiss SB, Hamilton H, Branciforte R, Kraft NJ (2010) The geography of climate change: implications for conservation biogeography. Diversity and Distributions, 16, 476-487. – reference: Gavin DG, Hu FS (2006). Spatial variation of climatic and non-climatic controls on species distribution: the range limit of Tsuga heterophylla. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 1384-1396. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01509.x – reference: Hof C, Levinsky I, Araújo MB, Rahbek C (2011) Rethinking species' ability to cope with rapid climate change. Global Change Biology, 17, 2987-2990. – reference: Pausas JG, Austin MP (2001) Patterns of plant species richness in relation to different environments: an appraisal. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 153-166. – reference: O'Brien EM (1998) Water-energy dynamics, climate and prediction of woody plant species-richness: an interim general model. Journal of Biogeography, 25, 379-398. – reference: Stephenson N (1998) Actual evapotranspiration and deficit: biologically meaningful correlates of vegetation distribution across spatial scales. Journal of Biogeography, 25, 855-870. – reference: Caspersen JP, Kobe RK (2011) Interspecific variation in sapling mortality in relation to growth and soil moisture. Oikos, 92, 160-168. – reference: Mesinger F, DiMego G, Kalnay E et al. (2006) North American regional reanalysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 87, 343-360. – reference: Sandel B, Arge L, Dalsgaard B, Davies RG, Gaston KJ, Sutherland WJ, Svenning JC (2011) The influence of late Quaternary climate-change velocity on species endemism. Science, 334, 660-664. – reference: Williams JW, Jackson ST, Kutzbach JE (2007) Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 5738-5742. – reference: Hoffmann AA, Sgrò CM (2011) Climate change and evolutionary adaptation. Nature, 470, 479-485. – reference: Santer BD, Boyle J, Hnilo J et al. (2000) Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer-average atmospheric temperature time series. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 7337-7356. – reference: McVicar TR, Roderic ML, Donohue RJ et al. (2012) Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds: implications for evaporation. Journal of Hydrology, 416-417, 182-205. – reference: Crimmins SM, Dobrowski SZ, Greenberg JA, Abatzoglou JT, Mynsberge AR (2011) Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations. Science, 331, 324-327. – reference: Chen IC, Hill JK, Ohlemüller R, Roy DB, Thomas CD (2011) Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science, 333, 1024-1026. – reference: Kobe RK (1996) Intraspecific variation in sapling mortality and growth predicts geographic variation in forest composition. Ecological Monographs, 66, 181-201. – reference: Clark JS, Fastie C, Hurtt G et al. (1998) Reid 's Paradox of Plant Rapid Migration Dispersal theory and interpretation of paleoecological records. BioScience, 48, 13-24. – reference: Svenning JC (2003) Deterministic Plio-Pleistocene extinctions in the European cool temperate tree flora. Ecology Letters, 6, 646-653. – reference: Millar CI, Westfall RD, Delany DL, King JC, Graumlich LJ (2004) Response of Subalpine Conifers in the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., to 20th-Century warming and decadal climate variability. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 36, 181-200. – reference: Zhu K, Woodall CW, Clark JS (2011) Failure to migrate: lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change. Global Change Biology, 18, 1042-1052. – reference: van Mantgem PJ, Stephenson NL (2007) Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest. Ecology Letters, 10, 909-916. – reference: Lenoir J, Gégout JC, Guisan A et al. (2010) Going against the flow: potential mechanisms for unexpected downslope range shifts in a warming climate. Ecography, 33, 295-303. – reference: Smith A (in press) The relative influence of temperature, moisture, and their interaction on range limits of mammals over the past century. Global Ecology and Biogeography. – reference: Austin MP (1985) Continuum concept, ordination methods, and niche theory. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16, 39-61. – reference: He F, Hubbell SP (2011) Species-area relationships always over estimate extinction rates from habitat loss. Nature, 473, 368-371. – reference: Hampe A, Jump AS (2011) Climate relicts: past, present, future. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 42, 313-333. – reference: Urban DL, Miller C, Halpin PN, Stephenson NL (2000) Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template. Landscape Ecology, 15, 603-620. – reference: Woodward FI (1987) Climate and Plant Distribution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. – reference: Dalsgaard B, Magard E, Fjeldsa J et al. (2011) Specialization in plant-hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation, and Quaternary climate-change velocity. PLoS ONE, 6, e25891. – reference: Stephenson N (1990) Climatic control of vegetation distribution : the role of the water balance. American Naturalist, 135, 649-670. – reference: Abatzoglou JT, Redmond KT (2007) Asymmetry between trends in spring and autumn temperature and circulation regimes over western North America. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, 1-5. – reference: Inouye DW (2000) The ecological and evolutionary significance of frost in the context of climate change. Ecology Letters, 3, 457-463. – reference: Mitchell KE, Lohmann D, Houser PR et al. (2004) The multi-institution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, 1-32. – reference: Jackson ST, Overpeck JT (2000) Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary. Paleobiology, 26, 194-220. – reference: Pan Z, Arritt RW, Takle ES, Gutowski WJ, Anderson CJ, Segal M (2004) Altered hydrologic feedback in a warming climate introduces a "warming hole." Geophysical Research Letters, 31, 2-5. – reference: Willis KJ, MacDonald GM (2011) Long term ecological records and their relevance to climate change predictions for a warmer world. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 42, 267-287. – reference: Davis MB, Shaw RG (2001) Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change. Science, 292, 673-679. – reference: Littell JS, Peterson DL, Tjoelker M (2008) Douglas-fir growth in mountain ecosystems: water limits tree growth from stand to region. Ecological Monographs, 78, 349-368. – reference: Loarie SR, Duffy PB, Hamilton H, Asner GP, Field CB, Ackerly DD (2009) The velocity of climate change. Nature, 462, 1052-1055. – reference: Portmann RW, Solomon S, Hegerl GC (2009) Spatial and seasonal patterns in climate change, temperatures, and precipitation across the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 7324-7329. – reference: Roderick ML, Farquhar GD (2002) The cause of decreased pan evaporation over the past 50 years. Science, 15, 1410-1411. – reference: Dobrowski SZ (2011) A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate. Global Change Biology, 17, 1022-1035. – reference: Daly C, Halbleib M, Smith JI, Gibson WP, Doggett MK, Taylor GH, Pasteris PP (2008) Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States. International Journal of Climatology, 28, 2031-2064. – reference: Woodward FI, Lomas MR, Kelly CK (2004) Global climate and the distribution of plant biomes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 359, 1465-1476. – reference: Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 37, 637-669. – reference: Tingley MW, Koo MS, Moritz C, Rush AC, Beissinger SR (in press) The push and pull of climate change causes heterogeneous shifts in avian elevational ranges. Global Change Biology, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02784.x – reference: Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements-FAO IRRIGATION and Drainage Paper 56. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. – reference: Dobrowski SZ, Thorne JH, Greenberg JA, Safford HD, Mynsberge AR, Crimmins SM, Swanson AK (2011) Modeling plant distributions over 75 years of measured climate change in California, USA: relating temporal transferability to species traits. Ecological Monographs, 81, 241-257. – reference: Olea RA (1990). Geostatistical Glossary and Multilingual Dictionary. Oxford University Press, New York. – reference: Thomas CD, Cameron A, Green RE et al. (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature, 427, 145-148. – reference: Botkin DB, Saxe H, Araújo MB et al. (2010) Forecasting the effects of global warming on biodiversity. BioScience, 57, 227-236. – reference: Parmesan C, Yohe G (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421, 37-42. – volume: 416‐417 start-page: 182 year: 2012 end-page: 205 article-title: Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near‐surface wind speeds: implications for evaporation publication-title: Journal of Hydrology – volume: 334 start-page: 660 year: 2011 end-page: 664 article-title: The influence of late Quaternary climate‐change velocity on species endemism publication-title: Science – volume: 652 start-page: 652 year: 2011 end-page: 655 article-title: The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems publication-title: Science – volume: 22 start-page: 357 year: 2007 end-page: 365 article-title: Shifting plant phenology in response to global change publication-title: Trends in ecology & evolution – volume: III start-page: 1292 year: 1999 end-page: 1298 – volume: 25 start-page: 379 year: 1998 end-page: 398 article-title: Water‐energy dynamics, climate and prediction of woody plant species‐richness: an interim general model publication-title: Journal of Biogeography – volume: 48 start-page: 13 year: 1998 end-page: 24 article-title: Reid 's Paradox of Plant Rapid Migration Dispersal theory and interpretation of paleoecological records publication-title: BioScience – volume: 6 year: 2011 article-title: Specialization in plant‐hummingbird networks is associated with species richness, contemporary precipitation, and Quaternary climate‐change velocity publication-title: PLoS ONE – volume: 292 start-page: 673 year: 2001 end-page: 679 article-title: Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change publication-title: Science – year: 1990 – volume: 18 start-page: 1042 year: 2011 end-page: 1052 article-title: Failure to migrate: lack of tree range expansion in response to climate change publication-title: Global Change Biology – volume: 479 start-page: 517 year: 2011 end-page: 520 article-title: Changes in plant community composition lag behind climate warming in lowland forests publication-title: Nature – year: 1998 – volume: 15 start-page: 1410 year: 2002 end-page: 1411 article-title: The cause of decreased pan evaporation over the past 50 years publication-title: Science – article-title: The relative influence of temperature, moisture, and their interaction on range limits of mammals over the past century publication-title: Global Ecology and Biogeography – volume: 33 start-page: 1384 year: 2006 end-page: 1396 article-title: Spatial variation of climatic and non‐climatic controls on species distribution: the range limit of Tsuga heterophylla publication-title: Journal of Biogeography – volume: 104 start-page: 5738 year: 2007 end-page: 5742 article-title: Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America – volume: 13 start-page: 1860 year: 2007 end-page: 1872 article-title: Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming publication-title: Global Change Biology – volume: 135 start-page: 649 year: 1990 end-page: 670 article-title: Climatic control of vegetation distribution : the role of the water balance publication-title: American Naturalist – volume: 42 start-page: 267 year: 2011 end-page: 287 article-title: Long term ecological records and their relevance to climate change predictions for a warmer world publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics – volume: 333 start-page: 1024 year: 2011 end-page: 1026 article-title: Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming publication-title: Science – volume: 36 start-page: 181 year: 2004 end-page: 200 article-title: Response of Subalpine Conifers in the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., to 20th‐Century warming and decadal climate variability publication-title: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research – volume: 16 start-page: 39 year: 1985 end-page: 61 article-title: Continuum concept, ordination methods, and niche theory publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics – volume: 33 start-page: 295 year: 2010 end-page: 303 article-title: Going against the flow: potential mechanisms for unexpected downslope range shifts in a warming climate publication-title: Ecography – volume: 105 start-page: 7337 year: 2000 end-page: 7356 article-title: Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer‐average atmospheric temperature time series publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research – volume: 25 start-page: 855 year: 1998 end-page: 870 article-title: Actual evapotranspiration and deficit: biologically meaningful correlates of vegetation distribution across spatial scales publication-title: Journal of Biogeography – volume: 16 start-page: 476 year: 2010 end-page: 487 article-title: The geography of climate change: implications for conservation biogeography publication-title: Diversity and Distributions – volume: 14 start-page: 677 year: 2011 end-page: 689 article-title: Do species' traits predict recent shifts at expanding range edges? publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 37 start-page: 936 year: 2010 end-page: 950 article-title: Climatic water deficit, tree species ranges, and climate change in Yosemite National Park publication-title: Journal of Biogeography – volume: 15 start-page: 603 year: 2000 end-page: 620 article-title: Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template publication-title: Landscape Ecology – volume: 470 start-page: 479 year: 2011 end-page: 485 article-title: Climate change and evolutionary adaptation publication-title: Nature – volume: 106 start-page: 7324 year: 2009 end-page: 7329 article-title: Spatial and seasonal patterns in climate change, temperatures, and precipitation across the United States publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America – volume: 331 start-page: 324 year: 2011 end-page: 327 article-title: Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations publication-title: Science – volume: 92 start-page: 160 year: 2011 end-page: 168 article-title: Interspecific variation in sapling mortality in relation to growth and soil moisture publication-title: Oikos – year: 1987 – volume: 87 start-page: 343 year: 2006 end-page: 360 article-title: North American regional reanalysis publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – volume: 473 start-page: 368 year: 2011 end-page: 371 article-title: Species‐area relationships always over estimate extinction rates from habitat loss publication-title: Nature – volume: 26 start-page: 194 year: 2000 end-page: 220 article-title: Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary publication-title: Paleobiology – volume: 31 start-page: 2 year: 2004 end-page: 5 article-title: Altered hydrologic feedback in a warming climate introduces a “warming hole.” publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters – volume: 421 start-page: 37 year: 2003 end-page: 42 article-title: A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems publication-title: Nature – volume: 42 start-page: 313 year: 2011 end-page: 333 article-title: Climate relicts: past, present, future publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics – volume: 10 start-page: 909 year: 2007 end-page: 916 article-title: Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 462 start-page: 1052 year: 2009 end-page: 1055 article-title: The velocity of climate change publication-title: Nature – volume: 109 start-page: 1 end-page: 32 article-title: The multi‐institution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research – volume: 3 start-page: 457 year: 2000 end-page: 463 article-title: The ecological and evolutionary significance of frost in the context of climate change publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 37 start-page: 637 year: 2006 end-page: 669 article-title: Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change publication-title: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics – volume: 34 start-page: 1 year: 2007 end-page: 5 article-title: Asymmetry between trends in spring and autumn temperature and circulation regimes over western North America publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters – volume: 161 start-page: 523 year: 2003 end-page: 536 article-title: A globally consistent richness‐climate relationship for angiosperms publication-title: The American Naturalist – volume: 28 start-page: 2031 year: 2008 end-page: 2064 article-title: Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipitation across the conterminous United States publication-title: International Journal of Climatology – volume: 81 start-page: 241 year: 2011 end-page: 257 article-title: Modeling plant distributions over 75 years of measured climate change in California, USA: relating temporal transferability to species traits publication-title: Ecological Monographs – volume: 359 start-page: 1465 year: 2004 end-page: 1476 article-title: Global climate and the distribution of plant biomes publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences – article-title: The push and pull of climate change causes heterogeneous shifts in avian elevational ranges publication-title: Global Change Biology – volume: 17 start-page: 2987 year: 2011 end-page: 2990 article-title: Rethinking species' ability to cope with rapid climate change publication-title: Global Change Biology – volume: 12 start-page: 153 year: 2001 end-page: 166 article-title: Patterns of plant species richness in relation to different environments: an appraisal publication-title: Journal of Vegetation Science – volume: 17 start-page: 1022 year: 2011 end-page: 1035 article-title: A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate publication-title: Global Change Biology – volume: 78 start-page: 349 year: 2008 end-page: 368 article-title: Douglas‐fir growth in mountain ecosystems: water limits tree growth from stand to region publication-title: Ecological Monographs – volume: 6 start-page: 646 year: 2003 end-page: 653 article-title: Deterministic Plio‐Pleistocene extinctions in the European cool temperate tree flora publication-title: Ecology Letters – volume: 427 start-page: 145 year: 2004 end-page: 148 article-title: Extinction risk from climate change publication-title: Nature – volume: 57 start-page: 227 year: 2010 end-page: 236 article-title: Forecasting the effects of global warming on biodiversity publication-title: BioScience – volume: 66 start-page: 181 year: 1996 end-page: 201 article-title: Intraspecific variation in sapling mortality and growth predicts geographic variation in forest composition publication-title: Ecological Monographs – volume: 365 start-page: 2013 year: 2010 end-page: 2018 article-title: Climate change, biotic interactions and ecosystem services publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
SSID	ssj0003206
Score	2.5293994
Snippet	Rapid climate change has the potential to affect economic, social, and biological systems. A concern for species conservation is whether or not the rate of...
SourceID	proquest pubmed pascalfrancis wiley istex
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher
StartPage	241
SubjectTerms	Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences Climate Change climate change impacts climate change velocity climate velocity vectors Climatic data climatic factors climatic water balance Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change Conservation biology Earth, ocean, space economics Evapotranspiration Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Global warming History, 20th Century Meteorology temperature United States Water balance Water deficit
Title	The climate velocity of the contiguous United States during the 20th century
URI	https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-5XWX4TQL-G/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fgcb.12026 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23504735 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1222318759 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1257775796 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1317854233 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1663590886
Volume	19
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000312155100020&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Full Collection 2020 customDbUrl: eissn: 1365-2486 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0003206 issn: 1354-1013 databaseCode: DRFUL dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwED9tHUi88FEYBEZlJDTxEhTHcZ2IJyhreSgVoE3LW-TY8VaBEtSkCP57znaaMQlNSLw59tmy7Dv7d859ALyMjIwTTatQ8igJExnxMEtL1FI0Xk4KmUhy5yi8FKtVmufZpz14s_OF8fEhhgc3KxnuvLYCLsv2DyG_UOVriqr7dB8OYuRbPoKD91_mZ8vhIGaxS61JGU_wtKGsDyxkDXmGzohJ7XL-tDaRssVlMT6fxd8A53X86i6g-b3_mvp9uNvjTvLWM8oD2KvqMdz2mSh_jeHw5MrhDcl6iW_HEHxEVN1sHBk5JrNva4S47ushLJHHiHI1FbG2RwohPWkM6Wx9U3fri22zbYnHtcTjWuIdIx1NHHWXRPlr7xGczU9OZx_CPjtDuE5ENg2VyWisY2kTKNFKSp1Y5aM0VOuIy1gbjUjLMKZkYhDjSYSWBgulYJIzVLrYIYzqpq6eAFEsk9LQSKF-lWSslDTNcKio0rHNraQDOHabVHz3ETgKuflqDdIEL85Xi4Ln53ly-nlZLAKYXNvFoYONaTPF0yaAo922Fr2wtgW1GImi4obNL4ZmFDP770TWFa4U0nAhhHXcvYEGsVjKEZ-yG2gswrO2ZTjOY89WV5NkKC-C8QBeOe4ZGnaKGvJN4fimWMzeucLTfyd9Bndil8rDPh8dwajbbKvncEv96NbtZgL7Ik8nvQT9BmBbG4Q
linkProvider	Wiley-Blackwell
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3fb9MwED6NDQQv_ChsBMYwEpp4CYpju2kkXqCsHSKrAHVa3ywnjkc1lKAmRfDfc7bTjEloQuLNic-RZX9nf-fc-QBeRkbFXNMyVCLiIVeRCNNRjlaKxs2pQBAp4QKFs2Q2Gy0W6acteLOJhfH3Q_QHblYz3HptFdweSP-h5edF_pqi7T68ATscYYT43nn_ZXKa9Ssxi11uTcoEx-WGsu5mIevJ0zdGUmrH86d1ilQNjovxCS3-xjivEli3A03u_V_f78PdjnmStx4qD2CrrAZwy-ei_DWA3aPLkDcU63S-GUBwgry6XjkxckjG35ZIct3TQ8gQZaRwb0pivY8KJPWkNqS17-uqXZ6v63VDPLMlntkSHxrpZOKo_UoKv_E9gtPJ0Xx8HHb5GcIlT9JhWJiUxjpWNoUSLZXS3JofuaFaR0LF2mjkWoaxQnGDLE8huTRYyBOmBEOzi-3CdlVX5WMgBUuVMjQq0MLiKcsVHaX4qajUsc2upAM4dLMkv_s7OKRaXViXtETIs9lUisXZgs8_Z3IawMGVaewb2FtthrjeBLC_mVfZqWsjqWVJFE03rH7RV6Oi2b8nqipxpFBGJEliQ3evkUE2NhLIUNk1MpbjWe8y_M6ex9VlJxlqTMJEAK8cfPqKjamGuJEON3I6fucKT_5d9DncPp6fZDL7MPv4FO7ELrGHPUzah-12tS6fwc3iR7tsVgedIv0GpJgejA
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwED-NDhAvfBQGgTGMhCZeMsWx3TQSL9CtBRGqgTatb5YTx6MCJVOTIvjvOdtpxiQ0IfHm2GfLsu_s3zn3AfAqMirmmpahEhEPuYpEmI5z1FI0Xk4FMpESzlE4S-bz8WKRHm_Bm40vjI8P0T-4Wclw57UV8PJCmz-k_LzIDyjq7qMbsM1tEpkBbB9-mZ5m_UnMYpdbkzLB8bihrIssZC15-s4ISu16_rRGkarBdTE-ocXfEOdVAOtuoOm9_5v7fbjbIU_y1rPKA9gqqyHc8rkofw1h5-jS5Q3JOplvhhB8QlxdrxwZ2SeT70sEue7rIWTIZaRwNSWx1kcFgnpSG9La-rpql-fret0Qj2yJR7bEu0Y6mjhqv5LCX3yP4HR6dDJ5H3b5GcIlT9JRWJiUxjpWNoUSLZXS3KofuaFaR0LF2mjEWoaxQnGDKE8huDRYyBOmBEO1i-3AoKqr8gmQgqVKGRoVqGHxlOWKjlMcKip1bLMr6QD23S7JCx-DQ6rVN2uSlgh5Np9JsThb8JPPmZwFsHdlG_sONqrNCM-bAHY3-yo7cW0ktSiJouqGzS_7ZhQ0-_dEVSWuFNKIJEms6-41NIjGxgIRKruGxmI8a12G4zz2fHU5SYYSkzARwGvHPn3DRlVDvpGOb-Rs8s4Vnv476Qu4fXw4ldmH-cdncCd2eT3sW9IuDNrVunwON4sf7bJZ7XVy9BsC5x4H
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+climate+velocity+of+the+contiguous+United+States+during+the+20th+century&rft.jtitle=Global+change+biology&rft.au=Dobrowski%2C+Solomon+Z&rft.au=Abatzoglou%2C+John&rft.au=Swanson%2C+Alan+K&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+Jonathan+A&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.issn=1354-1013&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=241&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fgcb.12026&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1354-1013&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1354-1013&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1354-1013&client=summon