Amplified fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses reveal massive gene introgression from the European fungal pathogen Heterobasidion annosum into its introduced congener H. irregulare

The paucity of fungal species known to be currently hybridizing has significantly hindered our understanding of the mechanisms driving gene introgression in these eukaryotic microbes. Here, we describe an area of hybridization and gene introgression between the invasive plant pathogen Heterobasidion...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular ecology Vol. 20; no. 13; pp. 2756 - 2770
Main Authors: GONTHIER, P., GARBELOTTO, M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2011
Subjects:
Alleles
Amino Acid Sequence
amplified fragment length polymorphism
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis - methods
Basidiomycota - classification
Basidiomycota - genetics
Bayes Theorem
DNA, Fungal - chemistry
Fungi
Gene Flow
gene introgression
Genome, Fungal - genetics
Genotype
Genotypes
Heterobasidion annosum
Hybridization
Hybridization, Genetic - genetics
Indigenous species
intragenic recombination
Introduced Species
introgression
Invasive plants
Invasive species
Italy
loci
Molecular Sequence Data
Nonnative species
North America
Pathogens
Phylogeny
plant pathogens
Plant pathology
Polymorphism, Genetic - genetics
Recombination, Genetic
selection
Sequence Alignment
sequence analysis
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Species Specificity
Italy
North America
ISSN:0962-1083, 1365-294X, 1365-294X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The paucity of fungal species known to be currently hybridizing has significantly hindered our understanding of the mechanisms driving gene introgression in these eukaryotic microbes. Here, we describe an area of hybridization and gene introgression between the invasive plant pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare (introduced from North America) and the native H. annosum in Italy. A STRUCTURE analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism data for 267 individuals identified gene introgression in 8–42% of genotypes in the invasion area, depending on site. Data indicate that introgression is mostly occurring unilaterally from the native to the invasive species and is responsible for 5–45% of genomes in admixed individuals. Sequence analysis of 11 randomly selected and unlinked loci for 30 individuals identified introgression at every locus, thus confirming interspecific gene flow involves a large number of loci. In 37 cases, we documented movement of entire alleles between the two species, but in 7 cases, we also documented the creation of new alleles through intralocus recombination. Sequence analysis did not identify enrichment of either transcriptionally different nonsynonymous alleles or of transcriptionally identical synonymous alleles. These findings may suggest introgression is occurring randomly for extant alleles without an obvious enrichment process driven by selection. However, further studies are needed to ensure selection is not at work elsewhere in the genome.
Bibliography:ArticleID:MEC5121
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ISSN:0962-1083
1365-294X
1365-294X
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05121.x