Limits of compensation in a failed antenna array
ABSTRACT In large antenna arrays, the possibility of occurrence of faults in some of the radiating elements cannot be precluded at all times. In such situations, the radiation pattern of the array gets distorted, mostly with an increase in sidelobe level and decrease in gain. Although it is not poss...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of RF and microwave computer-aided engineering Jg. 24; H. 6; S. 635 - 645 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.11.2014
John Wiley & Sons, Inc |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT
In large antenna arrays, the possibility of occurrence of faults in some of the radiating elements cannot be precluded at all times. In such situations, the radiation pattern of the array gets distorted, mostly with an increase in sidelobe level and decrease in gain. Although it is not possible to restore the pattern fully by rearranging the excitations of the functioning elements, compensation methods have been reported in the literature for restoring one performance parameter of the array and making a trade‐off on some other parameter. In this article, we have made a study on the tolerance level of this compensation process. One part of the study deals with the thinning in the failed array, that is, to find a limit on the minimum number of functioning elements of the array that can restore the digital beamforming of the failed array. The second part of study deals with finding the maximum number of element failures that can be compensated. The study was carried out by optimizing the amplitude excitations of the failed array. Instead of classical optimization techniques, particle swarm optimization was used for the compensation process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:635–645, 2014. |
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| AbstractList | ABSTRACT
In large antenna arrays, the possibility of occurrence of faults in some of the radiating elements cannot be precluded at all times. In such situations, the radiation pattern of the array gets distorted, mostly with an increase in sidelobe level and decrease in gain. Although it is not possible to restore the pattern fully by rearranging the excitations of the functioning elements, compensation methods have been reported in the literature for restoring one performance parameter of the array and making a trade‐off on some other parameter. In this article, we have made a study on the tolerance level of this compensation process. One part of the study deals with the thinning in the failed array, that is, to find a limit on the minimum number of functioning elements of the array that can restore the digital beamforming of the failed array. The second part of study deals with finding the maximum number of element failures that can be compensated. The study was carried out by optimizing the amplitude excitations of the failed array. Instead of classical optimization techniques, particle swarm optimization was used for the compensation process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:635–645, 2014. In large antenna arrays, the possibility of occurrence of faults in some of the radiating elements cannot be precluded at all times. In such situations, the radiation pattern of the array gets distorted, mostly with an increase in sidelobe level and decrease in gain. Although it is not possible to restore the pattern fully by rearranging the excitations of the functioning elements, compensation methods have been reported in the literature for restoring one performance parameter of the array and making a trade-off on some other parameter. In this article, we have made a study on the tolerance level of this compensation process. One part of the study deals with the thinning in the failed array, that is, to find a limit on the minimum number of functioning elements of the array that can restore the digital beamforming of the failed array. The second part of study deals with finding the maximum number of element failures that can be compensated. The study was carried out by optimizing the amplitude excitations of the failed array. Instead of classical optimization techniques, particle swarm optimization was used for the compensation process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:635-645, 2014. In large antenna arrays, the possibility of occurrence of faults in some of the radiating elements cannot be precluded at all times. In such situations, the radiation pattern of the array gets distorted, mostly with an increase in sidelobe level and decrease in gain. Although it is not possible to restore the pattern fully by rearranging the excitations of the functioning elements, compensation methods have been reported in the literature for restoring one performance parameter of the array and making a trade-off on some other parameter. In this article, we have made a study on the tolerance level of this compensation process. One part of the study deals with the thinning in the failed array, that is, to find a limit on the minimum number of functioning elements of the array that can restore the digital beamforming of the failed array. The second part of study deals with finding the maximum number of element failures that can be compensated. The study was carried out by optimizing the amplitude excitations of the failed array. Instead of classical optimization techniques, particle swarm optimization was used for the compensation process. copyright 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:635-645, 2014. |
| Author | Patnaik, Amalendu Acharya, Om Prakash Sinha, Sachendra Nath |
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| References_xml | – reference: M.V. Lozana, J.A. Rodriguez, and F. Ares, Recalculating linear array antennas to compensate for failed elements while maintaining fixed nulls, J Electromagn Appl 13 (1999), 397-412. – reference: M. Levitas, D.A. Horton, and T.C. Cheston, Practical failure compensation in active phased arrays, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 47 (1999), 524-535. – reference: C.A. Balanis, Antenna theory and design, Wiley, New Jersey, 2005. – reference: T.J. Peters, A conjugate gradient-based algorithm to minimize the sidelobe level of planar array with element failures, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 39 (1991), 1497-1504. – reference: J.A. Rodriguez, F. Ares, E. Moreno, GA procedure for linear array failure correction, Electron Lett 36 (2000), 196-198. – reference: S. Biswas, P.P. Sarkar, and B. Gupta, Array factor correction using artificial neural network model, Int J Electron 91 (2004), 301-308. – reference: B.K. Yeo and Y. Lu, Array failure correction with a genetic algorithm, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 47 (1999), 823-828. – reference: L.L. Wang and D.G. Fang, Combination of genetic algorithm and fast Fourier transform for array failure correction, Proc 6th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, Beijing, November 2003. – reference: J.A. Rodriguez and F. Ares, Optimization of the performance of arrays with failed elements using simulated annealing technique, J Electromagn Wave Appl 12 (1998), 1625-1638. – reference: B.K. Yeo and Y. Lu, Adaptive array digital beam forming using complex-coded particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), Suzhou, Chaina, December 2005. – reference: J. Robinson and Y. Rahmat-Samii, Particle swarm optimization in electromagnetics, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 52 (2004), 397-407. – reference: R.J. Mailloux, Array failure correction with digitally beamformed array, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 44 (1996), 1543-1550. – reference: S.H. Zainud-Deen, M.S. Ibrahen, H.A. Sharshar, and Sabry M.M. Ibrahem, Array failure correction with orthogonal methods, Proc 21st National Radio Science Conference (NRSC), Cairo, Hgypt March 2004, pp. B7:1-9. – start-page: 214 year: 1993 end-page: 217 – volume: 91 start-page: 301 year: 2004 end-page: 308 article-title: Array factor correction using artificial neural network model publication-title: Int J Electron – year: 2005 – start-page: 1537 year: 2009 end-page: 1540 – volume: 36 start-page: 196 year: 2000 end-page: 198 article-title: GA procedure for linear array failure correction publication-title: Electron Lett – year: 2003 article-title: Combination of genetic algorithm and fast Fourier transform for array failure correction publication-title: Proc 6th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory – start-page: B7:1 year: 2004 end-page: 9 article-title: Array failure correction with orthogonal methods publication-title: Proc 21st National Radio Science Conference (NRSC) – volume: 44 start-page: 1543 year: 1996 end-page: 1550 article-title: Array failure correction with digitally beamformed array publication-title: IEEE Trans Antennas Propag – volume: 39 start-page: 1497 year: 1991 end-page: 1504 article-title: A conjugate gradient‐based algorithm to minimize the sidelobe level of planar array with element failures publication-title: IEEE Trans Antennas Propag – volume: 12 start-page: 1625 year: 1998 end-page: 1638 article-title: Optimization of the performance of arrays with failed elements using simulated annealing technique publication-title: J Electromagn Wave Appl – start-page: 1 year: 2011 end-page: 4 – start-page: 84 year: 2000 end-page: 88 – volume: 13 start-page: 397 year: 1999 end-page: 412 article-title: Recalculating linear array antennas to compensate for failed elements while maintaining fixed nulls publication-title: J Electromagn Appl – start-page: 1942 year: 1995 end-page: 1948 – volume: 47 start-page: 823 year: 1999 end-page: 828 article-title: Array failure correction with a genetic algorithm publication-title: IEEE Trans Antennas Propag – start-page: 81 year: 2001 end-page: 86 – year: 2005 article-title: Adaptive array digital beam forming using complex‐coded particle swarm optimization‐genetic algorithm publication-title: Asia‐Pacific Microwave Conference – volume: 47 start-page: 524 year: 1999 end-page: 535 article-title: Practical failure compensation in active phased arrays publication-title: IEEE Trans Antennas Propag – volume: 52 start-page: 397 year: 2004 end-page: 407 article-title: Particle swarm optimization in electromagnetics publication-title: IEEE Trans Antennas Propag |
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In large antenna arrays, the possibility of occurrence of faults in some of the radiating elements cannot be precluded at all times. In such... In large antenna arrays, the possibility of occurrence of faults in some of the radiating elements cannot be precluded at all times. In such situations, the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Antenna arrays Arrays Compensation Excitation failed antenna arrays Failure Microwaves Optimization particle swarm optimization sidelobe level Sidelobes |
| Title | Limits of compensation in a failed antenna array |
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