Vitamin D and cognitive function

Abstract The role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well established, but more recent findings have also linked vitamin D deficiency to a range of non-skeletal conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and metabolic disorders including diabetes. Cognitive impairment and dementia mus...

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Published in:Scandinavian journal of clinical & laboratory investigation. Supplement Vol. 72; no. S243; pp. 79 - 82
Main Authors: Soni, Maya, Kos, Katarina, Lang, Iain A., Jones, Kerry, Melzer, David, Llewellyn, David J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Colchester Informa Healthcare 01.04.2012
Taylor & Francis
Informa
Subjects:
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Aging - physiology
Alzheimer Disease - etiology
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - physiology
calcitriol
Cognition
cognitive decline
Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases
dementia
Dementia - etiology
Humans
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Medical sciences
Neurology
Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives
Vitamin D - blood
Vitamin D - physiology
Vitamin D Deficiency - complications
Nervous system diseases
Cognitive disorder
Steroid hormone
Cholecalciferol(1,25-dihydroxy)
Alzheimer disease
Calcitriol
Cognition
cognitive decline
Cerebral disorder
Vitamin D
Central nervous system disease
Clinical biology
dementia
Degenerative disease
Alzheimer's disease
ISSN:0036-5513, 2166-1030, 1502-7686, 2166-1030
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Abstract The role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well established, but more recent findings have also linked vitamin D deficiency to a range of non-skeletal conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and metabolic disorders including diabetes. Cognitive impairment and dementia must now be added this list. Vitamin D receptors are widespread in brain tissue, and vitamin D's biologically active form [1,25(OH)2D3] has shown neuroprotective effects including the clearance of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease. Associations have been noted between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Alzheimer's disease and dementia in both Europe and the US. Similarly, the risk of cognitive impairment was up to four times greater in the severely deficient elders (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L) in comparison with individuals with adequate levels (≥ 75 nmol/L). Further studies have also shown associations between low 25(OH)D concentrations and cerebrovascular events such as large vessel infarcts, risk of cerebrovascular accident and fatal stroke. Cross-sectional studies cannot establish temporal relationships because cognitive decline and the onset of dementia itself may influence vitamin D concentrations through behavioural and dietary changes. However, two large prospective studies recently indicated that low vitamin D concentrations may increase the risk of cognitive decline. Large, well designed randomized controlled trials are now needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is effective at preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
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ISSN:0036-5513
2166-1030
1502-7686
2166-1030
DOI:10.3109/00365513.2012.681969