Vitamin D and cognitive function

Abstract The role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well established, but more recent findings have also linked vitamin D deficiency to a range of non-skeletal conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and metabolic disorders including diabetes. Cognitive impairment and dementia mus...

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Vydané v:	Scandinavian journal of clinical & laboratory investigation. Supplement Ročník 72; číslo S243; s. 79 - 82
Hlavní autori:	Soni, Maya, Kos, Katarina, Lang, Iain A., Jones, Kerry, Melzer, David, Llewellyn, David J.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Colchester Informa Healthcare 01.04.2012 Taylor & Francis Informa
Predmet:	Adult and adolescent clinical studies Aging - physiology Alzheimer Disease - etiology Alzheimer's disease Animals Biological and medical sciences Brain - physiology calcitriol Cognition cognitive decline Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases dementia Dementia - etiology Humans Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Medical sciences Neurology Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D - physiology Vitamin D Deficiency - complications Nervous system diseases Cognitive disorder Steroid hormone Cholecalciferol(1,25-dihydroxy) Alzheimer disease Calcitriol Cognition cognitive decline Cerebral disorder Vitamin D Central nervous system disease Clinical biology dementia Degenerative disease Alzheimer's disease
ISSN:	0036-5513, 2166-1030, 1502-7686, 2166-1030
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Abstract The role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well established, but more recent findings have also linked vitamin D deficiency to a range of non-skeletal conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and metabolic disorders including diabetes. Cognitive impairment and dementia must now be added this list. Vitamin D receptors are widespread in brain tissue, and vitamin D's biologically active form [1,25(OH)2D3] has shown neuroprotective effects including the clearance of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease. Associations have been noted between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Alzheimer's disease and dementia in both Europe and the US. Similarly, the risk of cognitive impairment was up to four times greater in the severely deficient elders (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L) in comparison with individuals with adequate levels (≥ 75 nmol/L). Further studies have also shown associations between low 25(OH)D concentrations and cerebrovascular events such as large vessel infarcts, risk of cerebrovascular accident and fatal stroke. Cross-sectional studies cannot establish temporal relationships because cognitive decline and the onset of dementia itself may influence vitamin D concentrations through behavioural and dietary changes. However, two large prospective studies recently indicated that low vitamin D concentrations may increase the risk of cognitive decline. Large, well designed randomized controlled trials are now needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is effective at preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0036-5513 2166-1030 1502-7686 2166-1030
DOI:	10.3109/00365513.2012.681969