Intrinsic Magnetism and Field‐Driven Spin Alignment in NiI2 Revealed by X‐ray Magnetic Spectroscopy

This study investigates the intrinsic magnetism and field‐driven spin alignment in NiI2 using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). NiI2, a van der Waals material, exhibits helimagnetic and type‐II multiferroic behavior. This study reveals robust XMCD signals ac...

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Published in:Physica status solidi. PSS-RRL. Rapid research letters Vol. 19; no. 9
Main Authors: Arnold, Ethan L., Heppell, Emily, Basnet, Rabindra, Zhang, Binshuo, Liu, Jieyi, Herrero‐Martín, Javier, Guillemard, Charles, Guo, Yanfeng, Hu, Jin, Backes, Dirk, van der Laan, Gerrit, Hesjedal, Thorsten
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Weinheim Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.09.2025
Wiley-VCH Verlag
Subjects:
Absorption spectroscopy
Alignment
Antiferromagnetism
Condensed Matter
Critical temperature
Dichroism
Fine structure
Heterostructures
magnetic 2D materials
Magnetic spectroscopy
Magnetism
Materials Science
Multiferroic materials
Physics
Transition temperature
X‐ray techniques
X-ray techniques
magnetic spectroscopy
magnetic 2D materials
ISSN:1862-6254, 1862-6270
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:This study investigates the intrinsic magnetism and field‐driven spin alignment in NiI2 using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). NiI2, a van der Waals material, exhibits helimagnetic and type‐II multiferroic behavior. This study reveals robust XMCD signals across paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and helimagnetic phases under applied out‐of‐plane fields up to 6 T, while no net moment emerges at zero field. Atomic multiplet calculations confirm a covalent Ni 3d ground state with a significantly reduced spin moment. The results establish the intrinsic nature of NiI2's magnetism and clarify its field‐driven spin alignment mechanism. This comprehensive spectroscopic characterization lays the foundation for future applications of NiI2 in advanced spintronic and multiferroic devices, despite challenges posed by its low transition temperature in the monolayer limit. Future research should focus on enhancing its critical temperature through doping, strain engineering, or heterostructure fabrication. The 2D van der Waals multiferroic NiI2 exhibits type‐II multiferroicity down to the monolayer limit, but its spin alignment mechanism has remained unclear. Arnold et al. made a major step in this direction by using X‐ray magnetic spectroscopy to reveal field‐driven spin alignment from a strongly covalent Ni 3d ground state.
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ISSN:1862-6254
1862-6270
DOI:10.1002/pssr.202500130