The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed, endogenous biomolecules in eukaryotes with tissue-specific and cell-specific expression patterns, whose biogenesis is regulated by specific cis -acting elements and trans -acting factors. Some circRNAs are abundant and evolutionarily conserved, and man...

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Published in:Nature reviews. Genetics Vol. 20; no. 11; pp. 675 - 691
Main Authors: Kristensen, Lasse S., Andersen, Maria S., Stagsted, Lotte V. W., Ebbesen, Karoline K., Hansen, Thomas B., Kjems, Jørgen
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.11.2019
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/1647/1513/2216
631/1647/2163
631/250/255/2514
631/337/1645/1946
631/337/384/331
Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biosynthesis
Cancer Research
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Complications and side effects
Computational neuroscience
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - genetics
Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism
Diagnosis
Gene Function
Genetic aspects
Human Genetics
Humans
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs - biosynthesis
MicroRNAs - genetics
miRNA
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Nervous System Diseases - genetics
Nervous System Diseases - metabolism
Neurological diseases
Review Article
Risk factors
RNA sequencing
RNA, Circular - biosynthesis
RNA, Circular - genetics
RNA, Neoplasm - biosynthesis
RNA, Neoplasm - genetics
ISSN:1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed, endogenous biomolecules in eukaryotes with tissue-specific and cell-specific expression patterns, whose biogenesis is regulated by specific cis -acting elements and trans -acting factors. Some circRNAs are abundant and evolutionarily conserved, and many circRNAs exert important biological functions by acting as microRNA or protein inhibitors (‘sponges’), by regulating protein function or by being translated themselves. Furthermore, circRNAs have been implicated in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Although the circular nature of these transcripts makes their detection, quantification and functional characterization challenging, recent advances in high-throughput RNA sequencing and circRNA-specific computational tools have driven the development of state-of-the-art approaches for their identification, and novel approaches to functional characterization are emerging. In eukaryotes, circular RNAs (circRNAs) carry out important biological roles by acting as microRNA or protein sponges, regulating protein function or through cap-independent translation. New technologies for identifying and characterizing circRNAs will increase our knowledge of their biogenesis and function in health and disease.
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ISSN:1471-0056
1471-0064
1471-0064
DOI:10.1038/s41576-019-0158-7