Synthesis, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Hydrogen Sulfide: An Overview

In addition to nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H S) has recently emerged as the novel gasotransmitter involved in the regulation of the nervous system, cardiovascular functions, inflammatory response, gastrointestinal system, and renal function. H S is synthesized from...

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Veröffentlicht in:Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) Jg. 2007; S. 1
1. Verfasser: Bełtowski, Jerzy
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States 01.01.2019
Schlagworte:
Animals
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Atherosclerosis - therapy
Cysteine - metabolism
Diabetic Angiopathies - metabolism
Diabetic Angiopathies - pathology
Diabetic Angiopathies - therapy
Humans
Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism
Hypertension - metabolism
Hypertension - pathology
Hypertension - therapy
Mitochondria - metabolism
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Signal Transduction
Sulfides - metabolism
Sulfurtransferases - metabolism
Hydrogen sulfide
Arterial hypertension
Polysulfides
Vascular tone
Atherosclerosis
Gasotransmitters
ISSN:1940-6029, 1940-6029
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Zusammenfassung:In addition to nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H S) has recently emerged as the novel gasotransmitter involved in the regulation of the nervous system, cardiovascular functions, inflammatory response, gastrointestinal system, and renal function. H S is synthesized from L-cysteine and/or L-homocysteine by cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, and cysteine aminotransferase together with 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. In addition, H S is enzymatically metabolized in mitochondria by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, persulfide dioxygenase, and sulfite oxidase to thiosulfate, sulfite, and sulfate which enables to regulate its level by factors such as oxygen pressure, mitochondria density, or efficacy of mitochondrial electron transport. H S modifies protein structure and function through the so-called sulfuration or persulfidation, that is, conversion of cysteine thiol (-SH) to persulfide (-SSH) groups. This, as well as other signaling mechanisms, is partially mediated by more oxidized H S-derived species, polysulfides (H S ). In addition, H S is able to react with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to form other signaling molecules such as thionitrous acid (HSNO), nitrosopersulfide (SSNO ), and nitroxyl (HNO). All H S-synthesizing enzymes are expressed in the vascular wall, and H S has been demonstrated to regulate vascular tone, endothelial barrier permeability, angiogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, and inflammatory reaction. H S-modifying therapies are promising approach for diseases such as arterial hypertension, diabetic angiopathy, and atherosclerosis.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
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ISSN:1940-6029
1940-6029
DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-9528-8_1