GPER Mediates Non-Genomic Effects of Estrogen

Estrogens are important modulators of a broad spectrum of physiological functions in humans. However, despite their beneficial actions, a number of lines of evidence correlate the sustained exposure to exogenous estrogen with increased risk of the onset of various cancers. Mainly these steroid hormo...

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Vydáno v:	Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) Ročník 1366; s. 471
Hlavní autoři:	Pupo, Marco, Maggiolini, Marcello, Musti, Anna Maria
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States 2016
Témata:	Breast Neoplasms - genetics Breast Neoplasms - metabolism Breast Neoplasms - pathology Cell Line, Tumor Cell Migration Assays Cell Movement - drug effects Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Connective Tissue Growth Factor - genetics Connective Tissue Growth Factor - metabolism Early Growth Response Protein 1 - genetics Early Growth Response Protein 1 - metabolism Estradiol - pharmacology Estrogens - pharmacology Female Fibroblasts - drug effects Fibroblasts - metabolism Fibroblasts - pathology Genes, Reporter Humans Luciferases - genetics Luciferases - metabolism Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism Phosphorylation Promoter Regions, Genetic Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos - genetics Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos - metabolism Receptors, Estrogen - genetics Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - agonists Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism Signal Transduction - drug effects Transfection Workflow Breast cancer Non-genomic signaling GPR30 /GPER Estrogen MAPK phosphorylation
ISSN:	1940-6029, 1940-6029
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Shrnutí:	Estrogens are important modulators of a broad spectrum of physiological functions in humans. However, despite their beneficial actions, a number of lines of evidence correlate the sustained exposure to exogenous estrogen with increased risk of the onset of various cancers. Mainly these steroid hormones induce their effects by binding and activating estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). These receptors belong to the family of ligand-regulated transcription factors, and upon activation they regulate the expression of different target genes by binding directly to specific DNA sequences. On the other hand, in recent years it has become clear that the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30/GPER) is able to mediate non-genomic action of estrogens in different cell contexts. In particular, GPER has been shown to specifically bind estrogens, and in turn to functionally cross-react with diverse cell signaling systems such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, the Notch signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. In this chapter we will present some of the different experimental techniques currently used to demonstrate the functional role of GPER in mediating non-genomic actions of estrogens, such as the dual luciferase assay, assessment of the involvement of GPER in the stimulation of cell migration in breast cancer cell lines and in cancer-associated fibroblasts, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Overall, the experimental procedures described herein represent key instruments for assessing the biological role of GPER in mediating non-genomic signals of estrogen.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1940-6029 1940-6029
DOI:	10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_37