Close association of active nitrifiers with Beggiatoa mats covering deep‐sea hydrothermal sediments

Hydrothermal sediments in the Guaymas Basin are covered by microbial mats that are dominated by nitrate‐respiring and sulphide‐oxidizing Beggiatoa. The presence of these mats strongly correlates with sulphide‐ and ammonium‐rich fluids venting from the subsurface. Because ammonium and oxygen form opp...

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Vydáno v:	Environmental microbiology Ročník 16; číslo 6; s. 1612 - 1626
Hlavní autoři:	Winkel, Matthias, Beer, Dirk, Lavik, Gaute, Peplies, Jörg, Mußmann, Marc
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Oxford Blackwell Science 01.06.2014 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Témata:	Ammonia ammonia monooxygenase Ammonium Ammonium Compounds Ammonium Compounds - chemistry Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Archaea Archaea - enzymology Archaea - genetics Archaeal Proteins Archaeal Proteins - genetics Atlantic Ocean bacteria Bacteria - genetics Bacterial Proteins Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacteriology Beggiatoa Beggiatoa - physiology Biofilms Biological and medical sciences chemistry Deep sea Deep water habitats enzymology fluorescence in situ hybridization Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Dosage General aspects genes Genes, Archaeal Genes, Bacterial Genetic Variation genetics Geologic Sediments Geologic Sediments - chemistry Geologic Sediments - microbiology habitats Hydrothermal Vents Hydrothermal Vents - microbiology Microbial ecology Microbiological Phenomena Microbiology Microorganisms Miscellaneous Molecular Sequence Data nitrates Nitrates - chemistry Nitric Oxide Nitric Oxide - chemistry Nitrification Nitrogen Oxidation-Reduction Oxidoreductases Oxidoreductases - genetics oxygen Oxygen - chemistry Particular ecosystems Phylogeny physiology ribosomal RNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Sea water ecosystems Sediments Sequence Analysis, DNA Sulfides sulfur Synecology Atlantic Ocean Marine environment Hydrothermal vent Marine sediments Beggiatoaceae Bacteria Deep water Beggiatoa Beggiatoales
ISSN:	1462-2912, 1462-2920, 1462-2920
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Hydrothermal sediments in the Guaymas Basin are covered by microbial mats that are dominated by nitrate‐respiring and sulphide‐oxidizing Beggiatoa. The presence of these mats strongly correlates with sulphide‐ and ammonium‐rich fluids venting from the subsurface. Because ammonium and oxygen form opposed gradients at the sediment surface, we hypothesized that nitrification is an active process in these Beggiatoa mats. Using biogeochemical and molecular methods, we measured nitrification and determined the diversity and abundance of nitrifiers. Nitrification rates ranged from 74 to 605 μmol N l⁻¹ mat day⁻¹, which exceeded those previously measured in hydrothermal plumes and other deep‐sea habitats. Diversity and abundance analyses of archaeal and bacterial ammonia monooxygenase subunit A genes, archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA pyrotags and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed that ammonia‐ and nitrite‐oxidizing microorganisms were associated with Beggiatoa mats. Intriguingly, we observed cells of bacterial and potential thaumarchaeotal ammonia oxidizers attached to narrow, Beggiatoa‐like filaments. Such a close spatial coupling of nitrification and nitrate respiration in mats of large sulphur bacteria is novel and may facilitate mat‐internal cycling of nitrogen, thereby reducing loss of bioavailable nitrogen in deep‐sea sediments.
Bibliografie:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12316 ArticleID:EMI12316 ark:/67375/WNG-617JMCZ6-P Fig. S1. Exemplary graph showing 15N concentration after chemical conversion from 15N-nitrate that was formed via nitrification in BM2a. Fig. S2. Maximum-likelihood tree of betaproteobacterial AmoA sequences from BM4 and from NHS2. Open circles refer to ≥ 70% bootstrap support (100 iterations). Scale bar corresponds to 10% sequence divergence. Fig. S3. Phylogenetic distribution of archaeal 16S rRNA pyrotags in Beggiatoa mat BM3b, in bottom sea water (BSW) and in bare sediment HS. n = number of sequences analysed.Table S1. Samples collected for 15NH4+ nitrification rate measurements and molecular analyses. Table S2. Nitrate and ammonium concentration in different compartments of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal system. Table S3. Probes and primers used in this study. istex:7DF90F5FF64E663F4C5A3CEEE7930618EE35B65B ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1462-2912 1462-2920 1462-2920
DOI:	10.1111/1462-2920.12316