Swine model of Bundibugyo and Reston virus infection reveals a robust immune response following the infection: A multi-tissue immune profiling study

Domestic pigs are a vital component of the global food supply, with a population nearing 780 million worldwide, making them one of the most commonly raised livestock. As pig production intensifies, the associated practices and environmental conditions may elevate the risk of emergence and spread of...

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Published in:Advances in virus research Vol. 122; p. 79
Main Authors: Kim, Ji-Young V, Lewis, Charles E, Pinette, Mathieu, Dawson, Harry D, Lung, Oliver, McGill, Jodi, Pickering, Bradley S
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 2025
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Cytokines - genetics
Cytokines - immunology
Disease Models, Animal
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - immunology
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - virology
Lung - immunology
Lung - virology
Lymph Nodes - immunology
Lymph Nodes - virology
Reoviridae Infections - immunology
Reoviridae Infections - veterinary
Reoviridae Infections - virology
Swine
Swine Diseases - immunology
Swine Diseases - virology
Ebola virus
Multi-tissue molecular profiling
Restin virus
RNA-seq
Swine model
Cytokine
Bundibugyo virus
ISSN:1557-8399, 1557-8399
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Summary:Domestic pigs are a vital component of the global food supply, with a population nearing 780 million worldwide, making them one of the most commonly raised livestock. As pig production intensifies, the associated practices and environmental conditions may elevate the risk of emergence and spread of zoonotic agents, including ebolaviruses. Previously, we demonstrated that experimentall infection with Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense and Orthoebolavirus restonense in pigs caused sub-clinical signs, with only a few animals exhibiting elevated temperatures and limited signs of acute respiratory distress. In this study, we sought to describe immune-related gene exression changes following those viral infections in pigs. Our findings revealed no significant changes in infection- and inflammation-related cytokines, but a strong adaptive immune response was observed in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Comparative analysis with a study in which non-human primates were experimentally infected with Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense, where the virus is lethal, revealed molecular similarities in gene expression. This may suggest that certain viral processes may be conserved across species. These results highlight the potential role of pigs in ebolavirus spillover dynamics and underscore the importance of understanding the role of livestock in the emergence of these pathogens to guide prevention and mitigation strategies.
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ISSN:1557-8399
1557-8399
DOI:10.1016/bs.aivir.2025.03.002