Large CO2 effluxes at night and during synoptic weather events significantly contribute to CO2 emissions from a reservoir

CO2 emissions from inland waters are commonly determined by indirect methods that are based on the product of a gas transfer coefficient and the concentration gradient at the air water interface (e.g., wind-based gas transfer models). The measurements of concentration gradient are typically collecte...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Environmental research letters Jg. 11; H. 6; S. 064001 - 64008
Hauptverfasser:	Liu, Heping, Zhang, Qianyu, Katul, Gabriel G, Cole, Jonathan J, Chapin, F Stuart, MacIntyre, Sally
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Bristol IOP Publishing 24.05.2016
Schlagworte:	air Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions carbon emissions from lakes carbon-cycle Concentration gradient Cyclones eddy covariance flux of CO eddy covariance flux of CO2 Efflux Emission analysis ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES evaporation exchange flux Fluxes Inland waters lake lake-atmosphere interactions methane Night Reservoirs southern inland water surface-energy budget united-states Water bodies Weather wind-based gas transfer
ISSN:	1748-9326, 1748-9326
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:	CO2 emissions from inland waters are commonly determined by indirect methods that are based on the product of a gas transfer coefficient and the concentration gradient at the air water interface (e.g., wind-based gas transfer models). The measurements of concentration gradient are typically collected during the day in fair weather throughout the course of a year. Direct measurements of eddy covariance CO2 fluxes from a large inland water body (Ross Barnett reservoir, Mississippi, USA) show that CO2 effluxes at night are approximately 70% greater than those during the day. At longer time scales, frequent synoptic weather events associated with extratropical cyclones induce CO2 flux pulses, resulting in further increase in annual CO2 effluxes by 16%. Therefore, CO2 emission rates from this reservoir, if these diel and synoptic processes are under-sampled, are likely to be underestimated by approximately 40%. Our results also indicate that the CO2 emission rates from global inland waters reported in the literature, when based on indirect methods, are likely underestimated. Field samplings and indirect modeling frameworks that estimate CO2 emissions should account for both daytime-nighttime efflux difference and enhanced emissions during synoptic weather events. The analysis here can guide carbon emission sampling to improve regional carbon estimates.
Bibliographie:	ERL-102128.R1 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 SC0006967; SC0011461 USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
ISSN:	1748-9326 1748-9326
DOI:	10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064001