Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams

Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses 1...

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Vydané v:	Nature (London) Ročník 582; číslo 7810; s. 84 - 88
Hlavní autori:	Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, Holzmeister, Felix, Camerer, Colin F., Dreber, Anna, Johannesson, Magnus, Kirchler, Michael, Iwanir, Roni, Avesani, Paolo, Baczkowski, Blazej M., Bakst, Leah, Ball, Sheryl, Bault, Nadège, Beaton, Derek, Berkers, Ruud M. W. J., Biswal, Bharat B., Bortolini, Tiago, Bowring, Alexander, Braem, Senne, Brooks, Hayley R., Brudner, Emily G., Calderon, Cristian B., Camilleri, Julia A., Castrellon, Jaime J., Dadi, Kamalaker, Davis, Charles P., Luca, Alberto De, Delgado, Mauricio R., Demetriou, Lysia, Dennison, Jeffrey B., Dickie, Erin W., Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Dukart, Juergen, Duncan, Niall W., Fricke, G. Matthew, Fu, Shiguang, Genon, Sarah, Glatard, Tristan, Golowin, Sergej A. E., Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Guassi Moreira, João F., Harry, Bronson B., Herholz, Peer, Herman, Gabrielle, Hoffstaedter, Felix, Huettel, Scott A., Hughes, Matthew E., Iordan, Alexandru D., Isager, Peder M., Isik, Ayse I., Joseph, Michael J. E., Juliano, Anthony C., Kassinopoulos, Michalis, Koba, Cemal, Koscik, Timothy R., Kuhl, Brice A., Lauharatanahirun, Nina, Lee, Hongmi, Leemans, Alexander, Li, Monica Y. C., Liphardt, Schuyler W., Losecaat Vermeer, Annabel B., Mack, Michael L., Malpica, Norberto, Melero, Helena, Meyer, Benjamin, Meyer, Kristin N., Mihai, Glad, Nilsonne, Gustav, Notter, Michael P., Onicas, Adrian I., Papale, Paolo, Pérez, Alexandre, Pischedda, Doris, Reynolds, Richard C., Ricciardi, Emiliano, Rieck, Jenny R., Schlichting, Margaret L., Sheridan, Margaret A., Skagerlund, Kenny, Smith, Alec, Sokol-Hessner, Peter, Tashjian, Sarah M., Tisdall, Loreen, Tozzi, Leonardo, Turella, Luca, Vijayarajah, Sagana, Weeda, Wouter D., White, David J., Wisniewski, David, Xifra-Porxas, Alba, Yearling, Emily A., Yoon, Sangsuk, Yuan, Rui, Yuen, Kenneth S. L., Zhang, Lei, Zhang, Xu, Zosky, Joshua E., Nichols, Thomas E., Poldrack, Russell A., Schonberg, Tom
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 04.06.2020 Nature Publishing Group
Predmet:	59/36 59/57 631/378/2649/1409 631/477/2811 706/648 706/689/2788 Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - physiology Brain mapping Brain research Cognitive science Correlation analysis Data Analysis Data Science - methods Data Science - standards Datasets Datasets as Topic - statistics & numerical data Electronic data processing Female Flexibility Functional magnetic resonance imaging Functional Neuroimaging Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Image processing Logistic Models Magnetic resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Mathematical analysis Medical imaging Meta-Analysis as Topic Methods Models, Neurological multidisciplinary Neuroimaging Neuroscience Neurosciences & behavior Neurosciences & comportement Prediction markets Psychology psykologi Reproducibility of Results Research Personnel - organization & administration Research Personnel - standards Researchers Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie Social & behavioral sciences, psychology Software Software packages Teams Technology application Variability Israel
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses 1 . The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset 2 – 5 . Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed. The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 PMCID: PMC7771346 scopus-id:2-s2.0-85085279867 Author contributions NARPS management team: R. Botvinik-Nezer, F. Holzmeister, C.F. Camerer, A. Dreber, J. Huber, M. Johannesson, M. Kirchler, R.A. Poldrack and T. Schonberg.fMRI dataset- experiment design: R. Iwanir, J. Durnez, R.A. Poldrack and T. Schonberg.fMRI dataset- data collection: R. Iwanir and T. Schonberg.fMRI dataset- preprocessing, quality assurance and data sharing: R. Botvinik-Nezer, K. Gorgolewski, R.A. Poldrack and T. Schonberg.Analysis teams- recruitment, point of contact and management: R. Botvinik-Nezer, R.A. Poldrack and T. Schonberg.Analysis teams- analysis of the submitted results and statistical maps: R.A. Poldrack, T.E. Nichols, J.A. Mumford, J-.B. Poline, A. Perez, R. Botvinik-Nezer, and T. Schonberg.Code review: T. Glatard. and K. Dadi.Prediction markets- design and management: F. Holzmeister, C.F. Camerer, A. Dreber, J. Huber, M. Johannesson and M. KirchlerPrediction markets- analysis: F. Holzmeister, R. Botvinik-Nezer, C.F. Camerer, A. Dreber, J. Huber, M. Johannesson, M. Kirchler, S. Kupek, R.A. Poldrack and T. Schonberg.Writing the manuscript: R. Botvinik-Nezer, F. Holzmeister, A. Dreber, J. Huber, M. Johannesson, M. Kirchler, T.E. Nichols, R.A. Poldrack and T. Schonberg.Participated as members of analysis teams and reviewed and edited the manuscript: R.A. Adcock, P. Avesani, B.M. Baczkowski, A. Bajracharya, L. Bakst, S. Ball, M. Barilari, N. Bault, D. Beaton, J. Beitner, R.G. Benoit, R.M.W.J. Berkers, J.P. Bhanji, B.B. Biswal, S. Bobadilla-Suarez, T. Bortolini, K.L. Bottenhorn, A. Bowring, S. Braem, H.R. Brooks, E.G. Brudner, C.B. Calderon, J.A. Camilleri, J.J. Castrellon, L. Cecchetti, E.C. Cieslik, Z.J. Cole, O. Collignon, R.W. Cox, W.A. Cunningham, S. Czoschke, K. Dadi, C.P. Davis, A. De Luca, M.R. Delgado, L. Demetriou, J.B. Dennison, X. Di, E.W. Dickie, E. Dobryakova, C.L. Donnat, J. Dukart, N.W. Duncan, A. Eed, S.B. Eickhoff, A. Erhart, L. Fontanesi, G.M. Fricke, S. Fu, A. Galván, R.i Gau, S. Genon, E. Glerean, J.J. Goeman, S.A.E. Golowin, C. González-García, K. J. Gorgolewski, C.L. Grady, M.A. Green, J.F. Guassi Moreira, O. Guest, S. Hakimi, J.P. Hamilton, R. Hancock, G. Handjaras, B.B. Harry, C. Hawco, P. Herholz, G. Herman, S. Heunis, F. Hoffstaedter, J. Hogeveen, S. Holmes, C.-P. Hu, S.A. Huettel, M.E. Hughes, V. Iacovella, A.D. Iordan, P.M. Isager, A.I. Isik, A. Jahn, M.R. Johnson, T. Johnstone, M.J.E. Joseph, A.C. Juliano, J.W. Kable, M. Kassinopoulos, C. Koba, X.-Z. Kong, T.R. Koscik, N.E. Kucukboyaci, B.A. Kuhl, A.R. Laird, C. Lamm, R. Langner, N. Lauharatanahirun, H. Lee, S. Lee, A. Leemans, A. Leo, E. Lesage, F. Li, M.Y.C. Li, P. Cheng Lim, E.N. Lintz, S.W. Liphardt, A.B. Losecaat Vermeer, B.C. Love, M.L. Mack, N. Malpica, T. Marins, C. Maumet, K. McDonald, J.T. McGuire, H. Melero, A.S. Méndez Leal, B. Meyer, K.N. Meyer, G. Mihai, G.D. Mitsis, J. Moll, D.M. Nielson, G. Nilsonne, M.P. Notter, E. Olivetti, A.I. Onicas, P. Papale, K.R. Patil, J.E. Peelle, D. Pischedda, Y. Prystauka, S. Ray, P.A. Reuter-Lorenz, R. C Reynolds, E. Ricciardi, J.R. Rieck, A.M. Rodriguez-Thompson , A. Romyn, T. Salo, G.R. Samanez-Larkin, E. Sanz-Morales, M.L. Schlichting, D.H. Schultz, Q. Shen, M.A. Sheridan, J.A. Silvers, K. Skagerlund, A. Smith, D.V. Smith, P. Sokol-Hessner, S.R. Steinkamp, S.M. Tashjian, B. Thirion, J.N. Thorp, G. Tinghög, L. Tisdall, S.H. Tompson, C. Toro-Serey, J.J. Torre Tresols, L. Tozzi, V. Truong, L. Turella, A.E. van 't Veer, T. Verguts, J.M. Vettel, S. Vijayarajah, K. Vo, M.B. Wall, W.D. Weeda, S. Weis, D.J. White, D. Wisniewski, A. Xifra-Porxas, E.A. Yearling, S. Yoon, R. Yuan, K.S.L. Yuen, L. Zhang, X. Zhang, J.E. Zosky
ISSN:	0028-0836 1476-4687 1476-4687
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-020-2314-9