Histological Transformation and Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: A Clonal Evolution Study

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to...

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Published in:PLoS medicine Vol. 13; no. 12; p. e1002197
Main Authors: Kridel, Robert, Chan, Fong Chun, Mottok, Anja, Boyle, Merrill, Farinha, Pedro, Tan, King, Meissner, Barbara, Bashashati, Ali, McPherson, Andrew, Roth, Andrew, Shumansky, Karey, Yap, Damian, Ben-Neriah, Susana, Rosner, Jamie, Smith, Maia A., Nielsen, Cydney, Giné, Eva, Telenius, Adele, Ennishi, Daisuke, Mungall, Andrew, Moore, Richard, Morin, Ryan D., Johnson, Nathalie A., Sehn, Laurie H., Tousseyn, Thomas, Dogan, Ahmet, Connors, Joseph M., Scott, David W., Steidl, Christian, Marra, Marco A., Gascoyne, Randy D., Shah, Sohrab P.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 13.12.2016
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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ISSN:1549-1676, 1549-1277, 1549-1676
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Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to these clinical end points is poorly understood, and previously determined genetic alterations do not explain the majority of transformed cases or accurately predict early progressive disease. We contend that detailed knowledge of the expansion patterns of specific cell populations plus their associated mutations would provide insight into therapeutic strategies and disease biology over the time course of FL clinical histories. Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, and digital droplet PCR on matched diagnostic and relapse specimens, we deciphered the constituent clonal populations in 15 transformation cases and 6 progression cases, and measured the change in clonal population abundance over time. We observed widely divergent patterns of clonal dynamics in transformed cases relative to progressed cases. Transformation specimens were generally composed of clones that were rare or absent in diagnostic specimens, consistent with dramatic clonal expansions that came to dominate the transformation specimens. This pattern was independent of time to transformation and treatment modality. By contrast, early progression specimens were composed of clones that were already present in the diagnostic specimens and exhibited only moderate clonal dynamics, even in the presence of immunochemotherapy. Analysis of somatic mutations impacting 94 genes was undertaken in an extension cohort consisting of 395 samples from 277 patients in order to decipher disrupted biology in the two clinical end points. We found 12 genes that were more commonly mutated in transformed samples than in the preceding FL tumors, including TP53, B2M, CCND3, GNA13, S1PR2, and P2RY8. Moreover, ten genes were more commonly mutated in diagnostic specimens of patients with early progression, including TP53, BTG1, MKI67, and XBP1. Our results illuminate contrasting modes of evolution shaping the clinical histories of transformation and progression. They have implications for interpretation of evolutionary dynamics in the context of treatment-induced selective pressures, and indicate that transformation and progression will require different clinical management strategies.
AbstractList   Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to these clinical end points is poorly understood, and previously determined genetic alterations do not explain the majority of transformed cases or accurately predict early progressive disease. We contend that detailed knowledge of the expansion patterns of specific cell populations plus their associated mutations would provide insight into therapeutic strategies and disease biology over the time course of FL clinical histories. Methods and Findings Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, and digital droplet PCR on matched diagnostic and relapse specimens, we deciphered the constituent clonal populations in 15 transformation cases and 6 progression cases, and measured the change in clonal population abundance over time. We observed widely divergent patterns of clonal dynamics in transformed cases relative to progressed cases. Transformation specimens were generally composed of clones that were rare or absent in diagnostic specimens, consistent with dramatic clonal expansions that came to dominate the transformation specimens. This pattern was independent of time to transformation and treatment modality. By contrast, early progression specimens were composed of clones that were already present in the diagnostic specimens and exhibited only moderate clonal dynamics, even in the presence of immunochemotherapy. Analysis of somatic mutations impacting 94 genes was undertaken in an extension cohort consisting of 395 samples from 277 patients in order to decipher disrupted biology in the two clinical end points. We found 12 genes that were more commonly mutated in transformed samples than in the preceding FL tumors, including TP53, B2M, CCND3, GNA13, S1PR2, and P2RY8. Moreover, ten genes were more commonly mutated in diagnostic specimens of patients with early progression, including TP53, BTG1, MKI67, and XBP1. Conclusions Our results illuminate contrasting modes of evolution shaping the clinical histories of transformation and progression. They have implications for interpretation of evolutionary dynamics in the context of treatment-induced selective pressures, and indicate that transformation and progression will require different clinical management strategies.
Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to these clinical end points is poorly understood, and previously determined genetic alterations do not explain the majority of transformed cases or accurately predict early progressive disease. We contend that detailed knowledge of the expansion patterns of specific cell populations plus their associated mutations would provide insight into therapeutic strategies and disease biology over the time course of FL clinical histories. Methods and Findings Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, and digital droplet PCR on matched diagnostic and relapse specimens, we deciphered the constituent clonal populations in 15 transformation cases and 6 progression cases, and measured the change in clonal population abundance over time. We observed widely divergent patterns of clonal dynamics in transformed cases relative to progressed cases. Transformation specimens were generally composed of clones that were rare or absent in diagnostic specimens, consistent with dramatic clonal expansions that came to dominate the transformation specimens. This pattern was independent of time to transformation and treatment modality. By contrast, early progression specimens were composed of clones that were already present in the diagnostic specimens and exhibited only moderate clonal dynamics, even in the presence of immunochemotherapy. Analysis of somatic mutations impacting 94 genes was undertaken in an extension cohort consisting of 395 samples from 277 patients in order to decipher disrupted biology in the two clinical end points. We found 12 genes that were more commonly mutated in transformed samples than in the preceding FL tumors, including TP53, B2M, CCND3, GNA13, S1PR2, and P2RY8. Moreover, ten genes were more commonly mutated in diagnostic specimens of patients with early progression, including TP53, BTG1, MKI67, and XBP1. Conclusions Our results illuminate contrasting modes of evolution shaping the clinical histories of transformation and progression. They have implications for interpretation of evolutionary dynamics in the context of treatment-induced selective pressures, and indicate that transformation and progression will require different clinical management strategies.
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to these clinical end points is poorly understood, and previously determined genetic alterations do not explain the majority of transformed cases or accurately predict early progressive disease. We contend that detailed knowledge of the expansion patterns of specific cell populations plus their associated mutations would provide insight into therapeutic strategies and disease biology over the time course of FL clinical histories.BACKGROUNDFollicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to these clinical end points is poorly understood, and previously determined genetic alterations do not explain the majority of transformed cases or accurately predict early progressive disease. We contend that detailed knowledge of the expansion patterns of specific cell populations plus their associated mutations would provide insight into therapeutic strategies and disease biology over the time course of FL clinical histories.Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, and digital droplet PCR on matched diagnostic and relapse specimens, we deciphered the constituent clonal populations in 15 transformation cases and 6 progression cases, and measured the change in clonal population abundance over time. We observed widely divergent patterns of clonal dynamics in transformed cases relative to progressed cases. Transformation specimens were generally composed of clones that were rare or absent in diagnostic specimens, consistent with dramatic clonal expansions that came to dominate the transformation specimens. This pattern was independent of time to transformation and treatment modality. By contrast, early progression specimens were composed of clones that were already present in the diagnostic specimens and exhibited only moderate clonal dynamics, even in the presence of immunochemotherapy. Analysis of somatic mutations impacting 94 genes was undertaken in an extension cohort consisting of 395 samples from 277 patients in order to decipher disrupted biology in the two clinical end points. We found 12 genes that were more commonly mutated in transformed samples than in the preceding FL tumors, including TP53, B2M, CCND3, GNA13, S1PR2, and P2RY8. Moreover, ten genes were more commonly mutated in diagnostic specimens of patients with early progression, including TP53, BTG1, MKI67, and XBP1.METHODS AND FINDINGSUsing a combination of whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, and digital droplet PCR on matched diagnostic and relapse specimens, we deciphered the constituent clonal populations in 15 transformation cases and 6 progression cases, and measured the change in clonal population abundance over time. We observed widely divergent patterns of clonal dynamics in transformed cases relative to progressed cases. Transformation specimens were generally composed of clones that were rare or absent in diagnostic specimens, consistent with dramatic clonal expansions that came to dominate the transformation specimens. This pattern was independent of time to transformation and treatment modality. By contrast, early progression specimens were composed of clones that were already present in the diagnostic specimens and exhibited only moderate clonal dynamics, even in the presence of immunochemotherapy. Analysis of somatic mutations impacting 94 genes was undertaken in an extension cohort consisting of 395 samples from 277 patients in order to decipher disrupted biology in the two clinical end points. We found 12 genes that were more commonly mutated in transformed samples than in the preceding FL tumors, including TP53, B2M, CCND3, GNA13, S1PR2, and P2RY8. Moreover, ten genes were more commonly mutated in diagnostic specimens of patients with early progression, including TP53, BTG1, MKI67, and XBP1.Our results illuminate contrasting modes of evolution shaping the clinical histories of transformation and progression. They have implications for interpretation of evolutionary dynamics in the context of treatment-induced selective pressures, and indicate that transformation and progression will require different clinical management strategies.CONCLUSIONSOur results illuminate contrasting modes of evolution shaping the clinical histories of transformation and progression. They have implications for interpretation of evolutionary dynamics in the context of treatment-induced selective pressures, and indicate that transformation and progression will require different clinical management strategies.
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to these clinical end points is poorly understood, and previously determined genetic alterations do not explain the majority of transformed cases or accurately predict early progressive disease. We contend that detailed knowledge of the expansion patterns of specific cell populations plus their associated mutations would provide insight into therapeutic strategies and disease biology over the time course of FL clinical histories. Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, and digital droplet PCR on matched diagnostic and relapse specimens, we deciphered the constituent clonal populations in 15 transformation cases and 6 progression cases, and measured the change in clonal population abundance over time. We observed widely divergent patterns of clonal dynamics in transformed cases relative to progressed cases. Transformation specimens were generally composed of clones that were rare or absent in diagnostic specimens, consistent with dramatic clonal expansions that came to dominate the transformation specimens. This pattern was independent of time to transformation and treatment modality. By contrast, early progression specimens were composed of clones that were already present in the diagnostic specimens and exhibited only moderate clonal dynamics, even in the presence of immunochemotherapy. Analysis of somatic mutations impacting 94 genes was undertaken in an extension cohort consisting of 395 samples from 277 patients in order to decipher disrupted biology in the two clinical end points. We found 12 genes that were more commonly mutated in transformed samples than in the preceding FL tumors, including TP53, B2M, CCND3, GNA13, S1PR2, and P2RY8. Moreover, ten genes were more commonly mutated in diagnostic specimens of patients with early progression, including TP53, BTG1, MKI67, and XBP1. Our results illuminate contrasting modes of evolution shaping the clinical histories of transformation and progression. They have implications for interpretation of evolutionary dynamics in the context of treatment-induced selective pressures, and indicate that transformation and progression will require different clinical management strategies.
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to these clinical end points is poorly understood, and previously determined genetic alterations do not explain the majority of transformed cases or accurately predict early progressive disease. We contend that detailed knowledge of the expansion patterns of specific cell populations plus their associated mutations would provide insight into therapeutic strategies and disease biology over the time course of FL clinical histories. Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, and digital droplet PCR on matched diagnostic and relapse specimens, we deciphered the constituent clonal populations in 15 transformation cases and 6 progression cases, and measured the change in clonal population abundance over time. We observed widely divergent patterns of clonal dynamics in transformed cases relative to progressed cases. Transformation specimens were generally composed of clones that were rare or absent in diagnostic specimens, consistent with dramatic clonal expansions that came to dominate the transformation specimens. This pattern was independent of time to transformation and treatment modality. By contrast, early progression specimens were composed of clones that were already present in the diagnostic specimens and exhibited only moderate clonal dynamics, even in the presence of immunochemotherapy. Analysis of somatic mutations impacting 94 genes was undertaken in an extension cohort consisting of 395 samples from 277 patients in order to decipher disrupted biology in the two clinical end points. We found 12 genes that were more commonly mutated in transformed samples than in the preceding FL tumors, including TP53, B2M, CCND3, GNA13, S1PR2, and P2RY8. Moreover, ten genes were more commonly mutated in diagnostic specimens of patients with early progression, including TP53, BTG1, MKI67, and XBP1. Our results illuminate contrasting modes of evolution shaping the clinical histories of transformation and progression. They have implications for interpretation of evolutionary dynamics in the context of treatment-induced selective pressures, and indicate that transformation and progression will require different clinical management strategies.
Sohrab Shah and colleagues explore the evolutionary histories that shape clinical and transformation dynamics in follicular lymphoma
BackgroundFollicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct clinical end points: histological transformation and early progression after immunochemotherapy. The nature of tumor clonal dynamics leading to these clinical end points is poorly understood, and previously determined genetic alterations do not explain the majority of transformed cases or accurately predict early progressive disease. We contend that detailed knowledge of the expansion patterns of specific cell populations plus their associated mutations would provide insight into therapeutic strategies and disease biology over the time course of FL clinical histories.Methods and findingsUsing a combination of whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, and digital droplet PCR on matched diagnostic and relapse specimens, we deciphered the constituent clonal populations in 15 transformation cases and 6 progression cases, and measured the change in clonal population abundance over time. We observed widely divergent patterns of clonal dynamics in transformed cases relative to progressed cases. Transformation specimens were generally composed of clones that were rare or absent in diagnostic specimens, consistent with dramatic clonal expansions that came to dominate the transformation specimens. This pattern was independent of time to transformation and treatment modality. By contrast, early progression specimens were composed of clones that were already present in the diagnostic specimens and exhibited only moderate clonal dynamics, even in the presence of immunochemotherapy. Analysis of somatic mutations impacting 94 genes was undertaken in an extension cohort consisting of 395 samples from 277 patients in order to decipher disrupted biology in the two clinical end points. We found 12 genes that were more commonly mutated in transformed samples than in the preceding FL tumors, including TP53, B2M, CCND3, GNA13, S1PR2, and P2RY8. Moreover, ten genes were more commonly mutated in diagnostic specimens of patients with early progression, including TP53, BTG1, MKI67, and XBP1.ConclusionsOur results illuminate contrasting modes of evolution shaping the clinical histories of transformation and progression. They have implications for interpretation of evolutionary dynamics in the context of treatment-induced selective pressures, and indicate that transformation and progression will require different clinical management strategies.
Audience Academic
Author Smith, Maia A.
Tan, King
Gascoyne, Randy D.
Giné, Eva
Sehn, Laurie H.
Ennishi, Daisuke
Mungall, Andrew
Kridel, Robert
Johnson, Nathalie A.
Marra, Marco A.
Scott, David W.
Moore, Richard
Shah, Sohrab P.
Bashashati, Ali
Connors, Joseph M.
Nielsen, Cydney
Roth, Andrew
Telenius, Adele
Chan, Fong Chun
Shumansky, Karey
Boyle, Merrill
Dogan, Ahmet
Mottok, Anja
McPherson, Andrew
Meissner, Barbara
Rosner, Jamie
Morin, Ryan D.
Farinha, Pedro
Tousseyn, Thomas
Steidl, Christian
Yap, Damian
Ben-Neriah, Susana
AuthorAffiliation 4 Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
9 Department of Pathology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven (UZ Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
1 Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
10 Department of Laboratory and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
5 Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
2 Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
11 Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
7 Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
6 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
8 Translational Cell and T
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
– name: 5 Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
– name: 10 Department of Laboratory and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
– name: 2 Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
– name: 6 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
– name: 8 Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, Department for Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
– name: 9 Department of Pathology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven (UZ Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
– name: Washington University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES
– name: 1 Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
– name: 11 Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
– name: 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
– name: 7 Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27959929$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Kridel R, Chan FC, Mottok A, Boyle M, Farinha P, Tan K, et al. (2016) Histological Transformation and Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: A Clonal Evolution Study. PLoS Med 13(12): e1002197. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002197
2016 Kridel et al 2016 Kridel et al
2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Kridel R, Chan FC, Mottok A, Boyle M, Farinha P, Tan K, et al. (2016) Histological Transformation and Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: A Clonal Evolution Study. PLoS Med 13(12): e1002197. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002197
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– notice: 2016 Kridel et al 2016 Kridel et al
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Conceptualization: RK FCC JMC DWS CS MAM RDG SPS.Data curation: RK FCC AB AMc AR KS JR MAS CN.Formal analysis: RK FCC AB AMc AR KS JR CN SPS.Funding acquisition: JMC DWS CS MAM RDG SPS.Investigation: RK FCC AMo MB PF KT BM AB AMc AR KS DY SBN JR MAS CN EG AT DE AMu RM RDM NAJ LHS TT AD DWS.Methodology: RK FCC AMo AB AMc AR KS DY JR MAS CN.Project administration: AMu RM JMC DWS CS MAM RDG SPS.Resources: AMo KT PF LHS TT AD JMC RDG.Software: RK FCC AB AMc AR KS DY JR MAS CN.Supervision: JMC DWS CS MAM RDG SPS.Validation: RK FCC SPS.Visualization: RK FCC AMo AB AMc AR KS JR MAS CN.Writing – original draft: RK FCC SPS.Writing – review & editing: RK FCC AMo MB PF KT BM AB AMc AR KS DY SBN JR MAS CN EG AT DE AMu RM RDM NAJ LHS TT AD JMC DWS CS MAM RDG SPS.
I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: SPS is a founder and shareholder of Contextual Genomics Inc., developer of clinical genomic tests for cancer.
Current address: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Snippet Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two distinct...
Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two...
Sohrab Shah and colleagues explore the evolutionary histories that shape clinical and transformation dynamics in follicular lymphoma
BackgroundFollicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by two...
  Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet incurable B cell malignancy. A subset of patients experience an increased mortality rate driven by...
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SubjectTerms Academic libraries
Bioinformatics
Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Cancer
Care and treatment
Clonal Evolution
Clone Cells
Cloning
Colleges & universities
Computer and Information Sciences
Development and progression
Disease Progression
Gene expression
Gene mutations
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Health aspects
Humans
Laboratories
Lymphoma
Lymphoma, Follicular - genetics
Lymphoma, Follicular - physiopathology
Lymphomas
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mutation
Oncology
Pathology
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Title Histological Transformation and Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: A Clonal Evolution Study
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