Arterial stiffness and wave reflection: Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk

Arterial stiffness and excessive pressure pulsatility have emerged as important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness increases with age and in the presence of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes and lipid disorders. Pathologic stiffe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Artery research Vol. 3; no. 2; pp. 56 - 64
Main Author: Mitchell, Gary F.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Elsevier B.V 01.06.2009
Springer Netherlands
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Aorta
Arterial stiffness
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular disease
Health risks
Pulse pressure
Pulse wave velocity
Review
Veins & arteries
Wave reflection
Pulse pressure
Pulse wave velocity
Aorta
Arterial stiffness
Wave reflection
ISSN:1872-9312, 1876-4401, 1876-4401
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Arterial stiffness and excessive pressure pulsatility have emerged as important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness increases with age and in the presence of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes and lipid disorders. Pathologic stiffening of large arteries with advancing age and risk factor exposure predominantly involves the elastic aorta and carotid arteries, whereas stiffness changes are relatively limited in muscular arteries. Aortic stiffening is associated with increased pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure, which are related but distinct measures of the pulsatile energy content of the pressure waveform. A dramatic increase in pulsatile energy content of pressure and flow waves in the arterial system places considerable pulsatile stress on the heart, large arteries and distal circulation. Large artery stiffening is associated with abnormalities in microvascular structure and function that may contribute to tissue damage, particularly in susceptible high flow organs such as the brain and kidneys. This brief review summarizes results of recent research on risk factors for and adverse effects of large artery stiffening.
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ISSN:1872-9312
1876-4401
1876-4401
DOI:10.1016/j.artres.2009.02.002