Severe Inbreeding and Small Effective Number of Breeders in a Formerly Abundant Marine Fish

In contrast to freshwater fish it is presumed that marine fish are unlikely to spawn with close relatives due to the dilution effect of large breeding populations and their propensity for movement and reproductive mixing. Inbreeding is therefore not typically a focal concern of marine fish managemen...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 8; číslo 6; s. e66126
Hlavní autori:	O'Leary, Shannon J., Hice, Lyndie A., Feldheim, Kevin A., Frisk, Michael G., McElroy, Anne E., Fast, Mark D., Chapman, Demian D.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 07.06.2013 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Agriculture Alleles Animal reproduction Animals Atmospheric sciences Bays Behavior Biodiversity Biology Breeding Confidence Intervals Conservation Dilution Ecosystems Endangered & extinct species Estuaries Fish Fisheries Fisheries management Fishery management Fishes Fishes - genetics Fishes - growth & development Fishing Flounder Freshwater fish Genetic diversity Genetic Loci - genetics Genetic markers Genetic Variation Geography Heterozygote Historical account Homozygosity Hypotheses Inbreeding Laboratories Loci Marine fish Marine fishes Microsatellite Repeats - genetics Microsatellites Morone saxatilis New York Pleuronectes platessa Population genetics Pseudopleuronectes americanus Recreation Sample Size Seawater Studies New York United States > US
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	In contrast to freshwater fish it is presumed that marine fish are unlikely to spawn with close relatives due to the dilution effect of large breeding populations and their propensity for movement and reproductive mixing. Inbreeding is therefore not typically a focal concern of marine fish management. We measured the effective number of breeders in 6 New York estuaries for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), a formerly abundant fish, using 11 microsatellite markers (6-56 alleles per locus). The effective number of breeders for 1-2 years was remarkably small, with point estimates ranging from 65-289 individuals. Excess homozygosity was detected at 10 loci in all bays (FIS = 0.169-0.283) and individuals exhibited high average internal relatedness (IR; mean = 0.226). These both indicate that inbreeding is very common in all bays, after testing for and ruling out alternative explanations such as technical and sampling artifacts. This study demonstrates that even historically common marine fish can be prone to inbreeding, a factor that should be considered in fisheries management and conservation plans.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: LAH MGF AEM MDF DDC SJO. Performed the experiments: SJO KAF LAH. Analyzed the data: SJO KAF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LAH MGF AEM DDC KAF. Wrote the paper: SJO DDC LAH MGF.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0066126