Scenario-Based Multi-Objective Optimum Allocation Model for Earthquake Emergency Shelters Using a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm: A Case Study in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China

The correct location of earthquake emergency shelters and their allocation to residents can effectively reduce the number of casualties by providing safe havens and efficient evacuation routes during the chaotic period of the unfolding disaster. However, diverse and strict constraints and the discre...

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Vydané v:PloS one Ročník 10; číslo 12; s. e0144455
Hlavní autori: Zhao, Xiujuan, Xu, Wei, Ma, Yunjia, Hu, Fuyu
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States Public Library of Science 07.12.2015
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:
Algorithms
Analysis
Applied mathematics
Beijing
Case reports
Case studies
Casualties
China
Civilian evacuation
Construction costs
Cybernetics
Disaster Planning
Disasters
Earthquakes
Education
Emergency preparedness
Emergency Shelter
Environmental aspects
Evacuation
Evacuation routing
Genetic algorithms
Geography
Homeless shelters
Humans
International conferences
Laboratories
Linear programming
Models, Theoretical
Multiple objective
Multiple objective analysis
Neural networks
Objectives
Operations research
Optimization
Optimization techniques
Optimization theory
Particle swarm optimization
Residence Characteristics
Residential areas
Seismic activity
Seismic engineering
Shelters
Swarm intelligence
Beijing
China
Beijing China
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:The correct location of earthquake emergency shelters and their allocation to residents can effectively reduce the number of casualties by providing safe havens and efficient evacuation routes during the chaotic period of the unfolding disaster. However, diverse and strict constraints and the discrete feasible domain of the required models make the problem of shelter location and allocation more difficult. A number of models have been developed to solve this problem, but there are still large differences between the models and the actual situation because the characteristics of the evacuees and the construction costs of the shelters have been excessively simplified. We report here the development of a multi-objective model for the allocation of residents to earthquake shelters by considering these factors using the Chaoyang district, Beijing, China as a case study. The two objectives of this model were to minimize the total weighted evacuation time from residential areas to a specified shelter and to minimize the total area of all the shelters. The two constraints were the shelter capacity and the service radius. Three scenarios were considered to estimate the number of people who would need to be evacuated. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was first modified by applying the von Neumann structure in former loops and global structure in later loops, and then used to solve this problem. The results show that increasing the shelter area can result in a large decrease in the total weighted evacuation time from scheme 1 to scheme 9 in scenario A, from scheme 1 to scheme 9 in scenario B, from scheme 1 to scheme 19 in scenario C. If the funding were not a limitation, then the final schemes of each scenario are the best solutions, otherwise the earlier schemes are more reasonable. The modified model proved to be useful for the optimization of shelter allocation, and the result can be used as a scientific reference for planning shelters in the Chaoyang district, Beijing.
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Conceived and designed the experiments: WX XZ. Performed the experiments: XZ WX YM FH. Analyzed the data: XZ WX. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: XZ WX YM FH. Wrote the paper: XZ WX.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0144455