About the Sterilization of Chitosan Hydrogel Nanoparticles

In the last years, nanostructured biomaterials have raised a great interest as platforms for delivery of drugs, genes, imaging agents and for tissue engineering applications. In particular, hydrogel nanoparticles (HNP) associate the distinctive features of hydrogels (high water uptake capacity, bioc...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 11; číslo 12; s. e0168862
Hlavní autori:	Galante, Raquel, Rediguieri, Carolina F., Kikuchi, Irene Satiko, Vasquez, Pablo A. S., Colaço, Rogério, Serro, Ana Paula, Pinto, Terezinha J. A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 21.12.2016 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Agglomerates Animals Autoclaving Biocompatibility Biology and Life Sciences Biomaterials Biomedical materials Carbohydrates - chemistry Cell Line Cell Survival - drug effects Change detection Chitin Chitosan Chitosan - chemistry Cytotoxicity Design Disinfection & disinfectants Drug delivery Drug delivery systems Drugs Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Electric Conductivity Engineering and Technology Food Formulations Gamma irradiation Gamma Rays Glucose Hot Temperature Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate - chemistry Hydrogels Irradiation Mannitol Medicine and Health Sciences Mice Microorganisms Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Moniz, Egas Nanoparticles Nanoparticles - chemistry Nanoparticles - toxicity Nanostructure Nanostructured materials Ozonation Ozone Ozone - chemistry Ozonization Particle Size Pharmaceuticals Physical Sciences Physicochemical properties Protective Agents - chemistry Research and Analysis Methods Solubility Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Steam Sterilization Sterilization (Disinfection) Sterilization - methods Sterilization effects Sugar Tissue engineering Toxicity Tripolyphosphate Water treatment Water uptake Zeta potential Brazil United States > US Portugal
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Popis
Shrnutí:	In the last years, nanostructured biomaterials have raised a great interest as platforms for delivery of drugs, genes, imaging agents and for tissue engineering applications. In particular, hydrogel nanoparticles (HNP) associate the distinctive features of hydrogels (high water uptake capacity, biocompatibility) with the advantages of being possible to tailor its physicochemical properties at nano-scale to increase solubility, immunocompatibility and cellular uptake. In order to be safe, HNP for biomedical applications, such as injectable or ophthalmic formulations, must be sterile. Literature is very scarce with respect to sterilization effects on nanostructured systems, and even more in what concerns HNP. This work aims to evaluate the effect and effectiveness of different sterilization methods on chitosan (CS) hydrogel nanoparticles. In addition to conventional methods (steam autoclave and gamma irradiation), a recent ozone-based method of sterilization was also tested. A model chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) hydrogel nanoparticles (CS-HNP), with a broad spectrum of possible applications was produced and sterilized in the absence and in the presence of protective sugars (glucose and mannitol). Properties like size, zeta potential, absorbance, morphology, chemical structure and cytotoxicity were evaluated. It was found that the CS-HNP degrade by autoclaving and that sugars have no protective effect. Concerning gamma irradiation, the formation of agglomerates was observed, compromising the suspension stability. However, the nanoparticles resistance increases considerably in the presence of the sugars. Ozone sterilization did not lead to significant physical adverse effects, however, slight toxicity signs were observed, contrarily to gamma irradiation where no detectable changes on cells were found. Ozonation in the presence of sugars avoided cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, some chemical alterations were observed in the nanoparticles.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceptualization: TJAP RG.Data curation: RG.Formal analysis: RG APS.Funding acquisition: APS TJAP RG.Investigation: RG CFR.Methodology: RG.Project administration: APS TJAP.Resources: ISK PASV.Supervision: TJAP APS RC.Validation: RG.Visualization: RG.Writing – original draft: RG CFR.Writing – review & editing: APS RC.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0168862