Incidence of Exposure of Patients in the United States to Multiple Drugs for Which Pharmacogenomic Guidelines Are Available

Pre-emptive pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing of a panel of genes may be easier to implement and more cost-effective than reactive pharmacogenomic testing if a sufficient number of medications are covered by a single test and future medication exposure can be anticipated. We analysed the incidence of ex...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 11; číslo 10; s. e0164972
Hlavní autoři:	Samwald, Matthias, Xu, Hong, Blagec, Kathrin, Empey, Philip E., Malone, Daniel C., Ahmed, Seid Mussa, Ryan, Patrick, Hofer, Sebastian, Boyce, Richard D.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 20.10.2016 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Adolescent Adult Aged Artificial intelligence Biology and Life Sciences Child Child, Preschool Complications and side effects Consortia Cost analysis Cost-Benefit Analysis Databases, Factual Drug dosages Drug Prescriptions - economics Drug Prescriptions - statistics & numerical data Drug therapy Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions - economics Drugs Ethnicity Exposure Female Genotype & phenotype Government programs Guidelines Health care Humans Incidence Infant Infant, Newborn Informatics Internet Male Medicaid Medical screening Medical statistics Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Patients Pharmacogenomic Testing Pharmacogenomics Pharmacology Pharmacy Practice guidelines (Medicine) Practice Guidelines as Topic Prescription drugs R&D Research & development Risk Social Sciences Studies United States Young Adult New York Austria Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States > US Pennsylvania
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Pre-emptive pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing of a panel of genes may be easier to implement and more cost-effective than reactive pharmacogenomic testing if a sufficient number of medications are covered by a single test and future medication exposure can be anticipated. We analysed the incidence of exposure of individual patients in the United States to multiple drugs for which pharmacogenomic guidelines are available (PGx drugs) within a selected four-year period (2009-2012) in order to identify and quantify the incidence of pharmacotherapy in a nation-wide patient population that could be impacted by pre-emptive PGx testing based on currently available clinical guidelines. In total, 73 024 095 patient records from private insurance, Medicare Supplemental and Medicaid were included. Patients enrolled in Medicare Supplemental age > = 65 or Medicaid age 40-64 had the highest incidence of PGx drug use, with approximately half of the patients receiving at least one PGx drug during the 4 year period and one fourth to one third of patients receiving two or more PGx drugs. These data suggest that exposure to multiple PGx drugs is common and that it may be beneficial to implement wide-scale pre-emptive genomic testing. Future work should therefore concentrate on investigating the cost-effectiveness of multiplexed pre-emptive testing strategies.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: PR is an employee of Janssen Research and Development. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. Conceptualization: MS RDB. Formal analysis: MS HX KB PEE DCM RDB. Funding acquisition: MS RDB. Methodology: MS HX KB PEE DCM PR SH RDB. Project administration: MS RDB. Software: MS HX SH RDB. Writing – original draft: MS KB RDB. Writing – review & editing: MS HX KB PEE DCM SMA PR SH RDB.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0164972