Association of Cysteine with Obesity, Inflammatory Cytokines and Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Children and Adolescents

Plasma total cysteine (tCys) independently relates to fat mass in adults. Dietary cyst(e)ine promotes adiposity and decreases glucose tolerance in some rodent models, but alleviates insulin resistance in others. To investigate whether the association of tCys with body fat extends to children at part...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 7; no. 9; p. e44166
Main Authors:	Elshorbagy, Amany K, Valdivia-Garcia, Maria, Refsum, Helga, Butte, Nancy, Catapano, Alberico
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 11.09.2012 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adipokines - blood Adipose tissue Adipose Tissue - pathology adiposity Adolescent Adolescents Adults age Amino acids Analysis Animal models Anthropometry biochemical pathways Biology Biomarkers - blood blood serum Body Composition Body fat Body mass body mass index Body weight C-reactive protein Chemistry chemokine CCL2 Child Child health Childhood obesity Children correlation Cysteine Cysteine - blood Cytokines Cytokines - blood Diet dose response Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry Energy measurement Esterification fasting Fatty acids Female free fatty acids gender Glucose Glucose tolerance Health risks Hispanic Americans Hispanics Homocysteine Humans Inflammation Inflammation Mediators - blood Insulin Insulin Resistance Interleukin 6 Interleukins Leptin Male Medicine Metabolites Methionine Monocyte chemoattractant protein Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 Nutrition research Obesity Obesity - blood Obesity - pathology Odds Ratio Overweight Overweight - blood Overweight - pathology Physiological aspects regression analysis Risk Rodents Subgroups Sulfur Teenagers Thiols Tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor-alpha Young Adult United Kingdom > UK
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Plasma total cysteine (tCys) independently relates to fat mass in adults. Dietary cyst(e)ine promotes adiposity and decreases glucose tolerance in some rodent models, but alleviates insulin resistance in others. To investigate whether the association of tCys with body fat extends to children at particular risk of obesity, and whether tCys is associated with insulin resistance and obesity-associated inflammation. We explored the cross-sectional relations of fasting plasma tCys and related metabolites with body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 984 Hispanic children and adolescents aged 4–19 years from the Viva La Familia Study. Linear and logistic regression and dose-response curves were used to evaluate relations of tCys with obesity, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP). tCys, methionine and total homocysteine (tHcy) increased with age. Upper tCys quartile was independently associated with a 5-fold increased risk of obesity (95% CI 3.5–8.0, P <0.001), and 2-fold risk of insulin resistance (95% CI: 1.6-5.0, P <0.001; adjusted for body fat%). Within the overweight/obese subgroup, but not in normal-weight children, tCys accounted for 9% of the variability in body fat% (partial r = 0.30, P <0.001; adjusted for age and gender). tCys correlated positively with serum non-esterified fatty acids and leptin, partly independent of body fat, but was not associated with serum IL-6, TNF-α or MCP-1. A positive correlation with CRP disappeared after adjustment for BMI. tCys is independently associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Hispanic children and adolescents, highlighting a previously underappreciated link between the sulfur amino acid metabolic pathway and obesity and cardiometabolic risk.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044166 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: AE HR. Performed the experiments: NB MVG. Analyzed the data: AE. Wrote the paper: AE. Critically revised the manuscript: HR NB. Conducted the mass-spectrometry assays: MVG. PI of the Viva La Familia Study: NB. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0044166