Species' Life-History Traits Explain Interspecific Variation in Reservoir Competence: A Possible Mechanism Underlying the Dilution Effect

Hosts species for multi-host pathogens show considerable variation in the species' reservoir competence, which is usually used to measure species' potential to maintain and transmit these pathogens. Although accumulating research has proposed a trade-off between life-history strategies and...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 8; číslo 1; s. e54341
Hlavní autoři:	Huang, Zheng Y. X., de Boer, Willem F., van Langevelde, Frank, Olson, Valerie, Blackburn, Tim M., Prins, Herbert H. T.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 24.01.2013 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Analysis Animal behavior Animals Biodiversity Biology birds Birds - genetics Birds - microbiology Birds - virology Body mass Body Size Borrelia Borrelia burgdorferi - physiology Clutch Size Clutches community Dilution Disease Reservoirs - microbiology Disease Reservoirs - veterinary Disease Reservoirs - virology diversity Eastern equine encephalitis Ecology Encephalitis Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine - physiology Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine - genetics Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine - virology Genetic Variation Health risks Horses - genetics Horses - microbiology Horses - virology Host Specificity immune defenses infectious-diseases Interspecific Life history Litter Size Local population Lyme disease Lyme Disease - genetics Lyme Disease - microbiology lyme-disease risk Mammals - genetics Mammals - microbiology Mammals - virology Medicine Pathogens Phylogenetics Phylogeny Population studies Risk factors Species extinction Species Specificity Studies transmission Variation Vector-borne diseases Veterinary Science West Nile fever West Nile Fever - genetics West Nile Fever - virology West Nile virus - physiology west-nile-virus United Kingdom > UK
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	Hosts species for multi-host pathogens show considerable variation in the species' reservoir competence, which is usually used to measure species' potential to maintain and transmit these pathogens. Although accumulating research has proposed a trade-off between life-history strategies and immune defences, only a few studies extended this to host species' reservoir competence. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we studied the relationships between some species' life-history traits and reservoir competence in three emerging infectious vector-borne disease systems, namely Lyme disease, West Nile Encephalitis (WNE) and Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). The results showed that interspecific variation in reservoir competence could be partly explained by the species' life histories. Species with larger body mass (for hosts of Lyme disease and WNE) or smaller clutch size (for hosts of EEE) had a lower reservoir competence [corrected]. Given that both larger body mass and smaller clutch size were linked to higher extinction risk of local populations, our study suggests that with decreasing biodiversity, species with a higher reservoir competence are more likely to remain in the community, and thereby increase the risk of transmitting these pathogens, which might be a possible mechanism underlying the dilution effect.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Final approval: HP. Conceived and designed the experiments: ZH WFB FL. Analyzed the data: ZH VO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VO TB. Wrote the paper: ZH. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0054341