Weather extremes and perinatal mortality – Seasonal and ethnic differences in northern Sweden, 1800-1895

Many studies have shown the impact of heat and cold on total and age-specific mortality, but knowledge gaps remain regarding weather vulnerability of very young infants. This study assessed the association of temperature extremes with perinatal mortality (stillbirths and deaths in the first week of...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 14; číslo 10; s. e0223538
Hlavní autori:	Schumann, Barbara, Häggström Lundevaller, Erling, Karlsson, Lena
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 22.10.2019 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	19th century Age Aging Autumn Autumn climates Babies Biology and Life Sciences Birth Birth weight Births Climate Cold Cold effects Confidence intervals Demography Earth Sciences Environmental aspects Epidemiology Ethnic groups Extreme cold Extreme low temperatures Extreme weather Female Health aspects Heat High temperature History, 19th Century Humans Hypothermia Indigenous Peoples - statistics & numerical data Infant mortality Infant, Newborn Infants Living conditions Low temperature Male Medicine and Health Sciences Minority & ethnic groups Mortality Newborn babies Outdoor air quality People and Places Perinatal Death Perinatal exposure Perinatal Mortality - history Pregnancy Premature birth Public health Public Health Surveillance Registries Regression analysis Regression models Risk factors Seasonal variations Seasons Socioeconomic factors Statistical analysis Stillbirth Summer Sweden - epidemiology Sweden - ethnology Temperature data Temperature effects Temperature extremes Weather Winter Sweden Italy
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	Many studies have shown the impact of heat and cold on total and age-specific mortality, but knowledge gaps remain regarding weather vulnerability of very young infants. This study assessed the association of temperature extremes with perinatal mortality (stillbirths and deaths in the first week of life), among two ethnic groups in pre-industrial northern Sweden. We used population data of indigenous Sami and non-Sami in selected parishes of northern Sweden, 1800-1895, and monthly temperature data. Multiple logistic regression models were conducted to estimate the association of cold (<10th percentile of temperature) and warmth (>90th percentile) in the month of birth with perinatal mortality, adjusted for cold and warmth in the month prior birth and period, stratified by season and ethnicity. Perinatal mortality was slightly higher in Sami than in non-Sami (46 vs. 42 / 1000 live and stillbirths), but showed large variations across the region and over time. Both groups saw the highest perinatal mortality in autumn. For Sami, winter was a high-risk time as well, while for non-Sami, seasonality was less distinct. We found an association between exposure to cold and perinatal mortality among winter-born Sami [Odds ratio (OR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-2.92, compared to moderate temperature], while there was little effect of cold or warmth during other seasons. Non-Sami, meanwhile, were affected in summer by warmth (OR 0.20, CI 0.05-0.81), and in autumn by cold (OR 0.39, CI 0.19-0.82). In this pre-industrial, subarctic setting, the indigenous Sami's perinatal mortality was influenced by extreme cold in winter, while non-Sami seemed to benefit from high temperature in summer and low temperature in autumn. Climate vulnerability of these two ethnic groups sharing the same environment was shaped by their specific lifestyles and living conditions.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0223538