De novo gene birth

A 2009 report identified the first three de novo human genes, one of which is a therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia [45]. Since this time, a plethora of genome-level studies have identified large numbers of orphan genes in many organisms (Table 1), although the extent to which they ar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS genetics Vol. 15; no. 5; p. e1008160
Main Authors: Van Oss, Stephen Branden, Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 23.05.2019
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Animals
Base sequence
Biology and Life Sciences
Birth
Cancer
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
DNA
DNA Polymerase II - metabolism
DNA Polymerase II - physiology
DNA sequencing
Evolution & development
Evolution, Molecular
Genes
Genes - genetics
Genetic research
Genomes
Humans
Leukemia
Lymphatic leukemia
Novels
Phylogeny
Proteins
Research and Analysis Methods
RNA
Therapeutic applications
Topic Page
ISSN:1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:A 2009 report identified the first three de novo human genes, one of which is a therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia [45]. Since this time, a plethora of genome-level studies have identified large numbers of orphan genes in many organisms (Table 1), although the extent to which they arose de novo remains debated. Phylogenetic trees are limited by the set of closely related genomes that are available, and results are dependent on BLAST search criteria [48]. Because it is based on sequence similarity, it is often difficult for phylostratigraphy to determine whether a novel gene has emerged de novo or has diverged from an ancestral gene beyond recognition, for instance following a duplication event. [...]the discovery of de novo gene birth has also led to a questioning of what constitutes a gene, with some models establishing a strict dichotomy between genic and non-genic sequences, and others proposing a more fluid continuum (see below). [...]it remains debated whether duplication and divergence or de novo gene birth represent the dominant mechanism for the emergence of new genes [63, 65, 73, 75–77], in part due to the fact that de novo genes are likely both to emerge and to be lost more frequently than other young genes (see below).
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The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1553-7404
1553-7390
1553-7404
DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008160