The effectiveness of psychological interventions for reducing PTSD and psychological distress in first responders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

First responders are faced with stressful and traumatic events in their work that may affect their psychological health. The current review examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, stress and burnout in first respon...

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Vydáno v:PloS one Ročník 17; číslo 8; s. e0272732
Hlavní autoři: Alshahrani, Khalid M., Johnson, Judith, Prudenzi, Arianna, O’Connor, Daryl B.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States Public Library of Science 24.08.2022
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:
Anxiety
Biology and Life Sciences
Burnout
Care and treatment
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Depression - therapy
Design
Effectiveness
Emergency medical care
Emergency response
Evacuations & rescues
Firefighters
First responders
Health risks
Humans
Intervention
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mental depression
Mental disorders
Mental health
Meta-analysis
Occupational health
Paramedics
Patient outcomes
Physical Sciences
Police
Post traumatic stress disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Professions
Psychological aspects
Psychological Distress
Psychological stress
Psychosocial Intervention
Public safety
Research and Analysis Methods
Search and rescue
Social Sciences
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology
Stress, Psychological - psychology
Stress, Psychological - therapy
Systematic review
Working conditions
United States
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Popis
Shrnutí:First responders are faced with stressful and traumatic events in their work that may affect their psychological health. The current review examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, stress and burnout in first responders. Four databases were searched to identify controlled studies that examined the efficacy of psychological interventions to reduce PTSD symptoms (primary outcome) in first responders (including firefighters, police/law enforcement officers, search and rescue personnel, emergency and paramedics teams). Secondary outcomes were anxiety, depression, burnout, and stress. 15 studies were identified, including 10 studies that measured PTSD, 7 studies for anxiety, 10 studies for depression, 7 studies for stress and 1 for burnout. Interventions were associated with a significant reduction in PTSD (SDM = -0.86; 95% CI = -1.34 -- 0.39), depression (SDM = -0.63; 95% CI = -0.94 --0.32), and anxiety (SDM = -0.38; 95% CI = -0.71 --0.05) but not stress (SDM = -0.13; 95% CI = -0.51-0.25). CBT-based and clinician-delivered interventions were associated with significantly greater reductions in PTSD than other types of interventions and non-clinician interventions, but no differences were found for depression. There was evidence of moderate to high risk of bias across all studies. Psychological interventions are effective in reducing PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms but not stress in first responders. Further research is needed using high quality randomised designs over longer periods of follow-up.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0272732