Synthetic viruses: a new opportunity to understand and prevent viral disease

Rapid progress in DNA synthesis and sequencing is spearheading the deliberate, large-scale genetic alteration of organisms. These new advances in DNA manipulation have been extended to the level of whole-genome synthesis, as evident from the synthesis of poliovirus, from the resurrection of the exti...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nature biotechnology Jg. 27; H. 12; S. 1163 - 1172
Hauptverfasser:	Wimmer, Eckard, Mueller, Steffen, Tumpey, Terrence M, Taubenberger, Jeffery K
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.12.2009 Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:	Agriculture Bioinformatics Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology Biomedicine Biotechnology Chemical synthesis Deoxyribonucleic acid Disease prevention DNA DNA biosynthesis DNA sequencing Endogenous retroviruses Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene sequencing Genetic aspects Genetic engineering Genetic Engineering - trends Genetic technics Genomes Genomics Humans Influenza Influenza virus Life Sciences Methods. Procedures. Technologies Molecular Biology - trends Mycoplasma genitalium Nucleotide sequencing Phage T7 Poliovirus Prevention Retrovirus review-article Structure-function relationships Synthesis Viral diseases Viral genetics Virus diseases Virus Diseases - prevention & control Virus Diseases - virology Virus Physiological Phenomena - genetics Viruses Viruses - chemistry United States Virus Picornaviridae Orthomyxoviridae DNA synthesis Enterovirus Reconstitution Synthetic biology Review Poliovirus Influenzavirus
ISSN:	1087-0156, 1546-1696, 1546-1696
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:	Rapid progress in DNA synthesis and sequencing is spearheading the deliberate, large-scale genetic alteration of organisms. These new advances in DNA manipulation have been extended to the level of whole-genome synthesis, as evident from the synthesis of poliovirus, from the resurrection of the extinct 1918 strain of influenza virus and of human endogenous retroviruses and from the restructuring of the phage T7 genome. The largest DNA synthesized so far is the 582,970 base pair genome of Mycoplasma genitalium , although, as yet, this synthetic DNA has not been 'booted' to life. As genome synthesis is independent of a natural template, it allows modification of the structure and function of a virus's genetic information to an extent that was hitherto impossible. The common goal of this new strategy is to further our understanding of an organism's properties, particularly its pathogenic armory if it causes disease in humans, and to make use of this new information to protect from, or treat, human viral disease. Although only a few applications of virus synthesis have been described as yet, key recent findings have been the resurrection of the 1918 influenza virus and the generation of codon- and codon pair–deoptimized polioviruses.
Bibliographie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-3
ISSN:	1087-0156 1546-1696 1546-1696
DOI:	10.1038/nbt.1593