Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity of bacteria varies across habitats

Bacteria are essential parts of ecosystems and are the most diverse organisms on the planet. Yet, we still do not know which habitats support the highest diversity of bacteria across multiple scales. We analyzed alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity of bacterial assemblages using 11,680 samples compile...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 15; číslo 9; s. e0233872
Hlavní autori:	Walters, Kendra E., Martiny, Jennifer B. H.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 23.09.2020 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Agricultural land Bacteria Bacteria - classification BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Biodiversity Biofilms Biology and Life Sciences Biotic communities Community composition Databases, Genetic Datasets Deserts Distribution Earth Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Ecosystems Evolutionary biology Geographical locations Grasslands Habitats Heterogeneity Identification and classification Influence Inland waters Metadata Microbial mats Microbiomes Microbiota Regression analysis RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Sediments Soil Microbiology Soil microorganisms Soils Species diversity Trends Tundra Brazil United States > US California
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	Bacteria are essential parts of ecosystems and are the most diverse organisms on the planet. Yet, we still do not know which habitats support the highest diversity of bacteria across multiple scales. We analyzed alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity of bacterial assemblages using 11,680 samples compiled by the Earth Microbiome Project. We found that soils contained the highest bacterial richness within a single sample (alpha-diversity), but sediment assemblages displayed the highest gamma-diversity. Sediment, biofilms/mats, and inland water exhibited the most variation in community composition among geographic locations (beta-diversity). Within soils, agricultural lands, hot deserts, grasslands, and shrublands contained the highest richness, while forests, cold deserts, and tundra biomes consistently harbored fewer bacterial species. Surprisingly, agricultural soils encompassed similar levels of beta-diversity as other soil biomes. These patterns were robust to the alpha- and beta- diversity metrics used and the taxonomic binning approach. Overall, the results support the idea that spatial environmental heterogeneity is an important driver of bacterial diversity.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 SC0016410 USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0233872