Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents

Socioeconomic status is associated with cognitive development, but the extent to which this reflects neuroanatomical differences is unclear. In 1,099 children and adolescents, family income was nonlinearly associated with brain surface area, and this association was greatest among disadvantaged chil...

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Vydáno v:	Nature neuroscience Ročník 18; číslo 5; s. 773 - 778
Hlavní autoři:	Noble, Kimberly G, Houston, Suzanne M, Brito, Natalie H, Bartsch, Hauke, Kan, Eric, Kuperman, Joshua M, Akshoomoff, Natacha, Amaral, David G, Bloss, Cinnamon S, Libiger, Ondrej, Schork, Nicholas J, Murray, Sarah S, Casey, B J, Chang, Linda, Ernst, Thomas M, Frazier, Jean A, Gruen, Jeffrey R, Kennedy, David N, Van Zijl, Peter, Mostofsky, Stewart, Kaufmann, Walter E, Kenet, Tal, Dale, Anders M, Jernigan, Terry L, Sowell, Elizabeth R
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.05.2015 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	59/57 631/378/1831 631/378/2649 692/698/1688/64 706/689 Adolescent Age Factors Animal Genetics and Genomics Anthropometry Behavioral Sciences Biological Techniques Biomedicine Brain - anatomy & histology Brain - growth & development Brain research Cerebral Cortex - anatomy & histology Cerebral Cortex - growth & development Child Child development Child, Preschool Cognition in children DNA - genetics Education Educational Status Family income Genotype Health aspects Hippocampus - anatomy & histology Hippocampus - growth & development Hospitals Humans Income Medicine Models, Neurological Neurobiology Neurology Neurosciences Organ Size Parents - education Pediatrics Poverty Psychological Tests Psychology, Adolescent Psychology, Child Regression Analysis Social classes Socioeconomic Factors Young Adult New York Los Angeles California La Jolla California United States > US Massachusetts Connecticut California Maryland Baltimore Maryland
ISSN:	1097-6256, 1546-1726, 1546-1726
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Socioeconomic status is associated with cognitive development, but the extent to which this reflects neuroanatomical differences is unclear. In 1,099 children and adolescents, family income was nonlinearly associated with brain surface area, and this association was greatest among disadvantaged children. Further, surface area mediated links between income and executive functioning. Socioeconomic disparities are associated with differences in cognitive development. The extent to which this translates to disparities in brain structure is unclear. We investigated relationships between socioeconomic factors and brain morphometry, independently of genetic ancestry, among a cohort of 1,099 typically developing individuals between 3 and 20 years of age. Income was logarithmically associated with brain surface area. Among children from lower income families, small differences in income were associated with relatively large differences in surface area, whereas, among children from higher income families, similar income increments were associated with smaller differences in surface area. These relationships were most prominent in regions supporting language, reading, executive functions and spatial skills; surface area mediated socioeconomic differences in certain neurocognitive abilities. These data imply that income relates most strongly to brain structure among the most disadvantaged children.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 Denotes equal contribution to the development of the manuscript
ISSN:	1097-6256 1546-1726 1546-1726
DOI:	10.1038/nn.3983