The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia

The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages. These groups have dispersed across a vast area, including Siberia, Northwest China, Central Asia, East Europe, the Caucasus, Anatolia, the Middle East, and Afghanistan. The origin and early dispersal...

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Veröffentlicht in:	PLoS genetics Jg. 11; H. 4; S. e1005068
Hauptverfasser:	Yunusbayev, Bayazit, Metspalu, Mait, Metspalu, Ene, Valeev, Albert, Litvinov, Sergei, Valiev, Ruslan, Akhmetova, Vita, Balanovska, Elena, Balanovsky, Oleg, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Dalimova, Dilbar, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir, Sahakyan, Hovhannes, Tambets, Kristiina, Fedorova, Sardana, Barashkov, Nikolay, Khidiyatova, Irina, Mihailov, Evelin, Khusainova, Rita, Damba, Larisa, Derenko, Miroslava, Malyarchuk, Boris, Osipova, Ludmila, Voevoda, Mikhail, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Kivisild, Toomas, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Villems, Richard
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Public Library of Science 01.04.2015 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Schlagworte:	Asia Asian Continental Ancestry Group - genetics Asian Continental Ancestry Group - history China Chromosomes Chromosomes - genetics Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics Confidence intervals Distribution Ethnic Groups - genetics Ethnic Groups - history Europe Expansion Gene Flow Genealogy Genetic aspects Genetics, Population Genomes Genotype History, 15th Century History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, Medieval Human Migration - history Humans Hypotheses Hypothesis testing Language Linguistics Middle East Mongolia Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics Science Siberia Studies Turks Wavelet transforms Middle East Mongolia Asia China Europe Siberia
ISSN:	1553-7404, 1553-7390, 1553-7404
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:	The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages. These groups have dispersed across a vast area, including Siberia, Northwest China, Central Asia, East Europe, the Caucasus, Anatolia, the Middle East, and Afghanistan. The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. Previous genetic studies have not identified a clear-cut unifying genetic signal for the Turkic peoples, which lends support for language replacement rather than demic diffusion as the model for the Turkic language's expansion. We addressed the genetic origin of 373 individuals from 22 Turkic-speaking populations, representing their current geographic range, by analyzing genome-wide high-density genotype data. In agreement with the elite dominance model of language expansion most of the Turkic peoples studied genetically resemble their geographic neighbors. However, western Turkic peoples sampled across West Eurasia shared an excess of long chromosomal tracts that are identical by descent (IBD) with populations from present-day South Siberia and Mongolia (SSM), an area where historians center a series of early Turkic and non-Turkic steppe polities. While SSM matching IBD tracts (> 1cM) are also observed in non-Turkic populations, Turkic peoples demonstrate a higher percentage of such tracts (p-values ≤ 0.01) compared to their non-Turkic neighbors. Finally, we used the ALDER method and inferred admixture dates (~9th-17th centuries) that overlap with the Turkic migrations of the 5th-16th centuries. Thus, our results indicate historical admixture among Turkic peoples, and the recent shared ancestry with modern populations in SSM supports one of the hypothesized homelands for their nomadic Turkic and related Mongolic ancestors.
Bibliographie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: BY MM RVi. Performed the experiments: BY MM. Analyzed the data: BY MM AV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AV SL RVa VA EB OB ST DD PN AB HS KT SF NB IK EMi RK LD MD BM LO MV LY EK RVi. Wrote the paper: BY MM RVi TK. Coorinated and prepared samples for genotyping and managed data generation: EMe. Discussed and critically edited the manuscript: TK. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1553-7404 1553-7390 1553-7404
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068