A new test suggests hundreds of amino acid polymorphisms in humans are subject to balancing selection

The role that balancing selection plays in the maintenance of genetic diversity remains unresolved. Here, we introduce a new test, based on the McDonald–Kreitman test, in which the number of polymorphisms that are shared between populations is contrasted to those that are private at selected and neu...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:

Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:	PLoS biology Ročník 20; číslo 6; s. e3001645
Hlavní autoři:	Soni, Vivak, Vos, Michiel, Eyre-Walker, Adam
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 02.06.2022 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Amino acids Balancing Biology and Life Sciences Evolution & development Genetic aspects Genetic diversity Genetic polymorphisms Methods and Resources Mutation Physiological aspects Polymorphism Population Quantitative genetics Research and Analysis Methods Simulation United Kingdom
ISSN:	1545-7885, 1544-9173, 1545-7885
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Abstract	The role that balancing selection plays in the maintenance of genetic diversity remains unresolved. Here, we introduce a new test, based on the McDonald–Kreitman test, in which the number of polymorphisms that are shared between populations is contrasted to those that are private at selected and neutral sites. We show that this simple test is robust to a variety of demographic changes, and that it can also give a direct estimate of the number of shared polymorphisms that are directly maintained by balancing selection. We apply our method to population genomic data from humans and provide some evidence that hundreds of nonsynonymous polymorphisms are subject to balancing selection.
AbstractList	The role that balancing selection plays in the maintenance of genetic diversity remains unresolved. Here, we introduce a new test, based on the McDonald–Kreitman test, in which the number of polymorphisms that are shared between populations is contrasted to those that are private at selected and neutral sites. We show that this simple test is robust to a variety of demographic changes, and that it can also give a direct estimate of the number of shared polymorphisms that are directly maintained by balancing selection. We apply our method to population genomic data from humans and provide some evidence that hundreds of nonsynonymous polymorphisms are subject to balancing selection. The role that balancing selection plays in the maintenance of genetic diversity remains unresolved. Here, we introduce a new test, based on the McDonald-Kreitman test, in which the number of polymorphisms that are shared between populations is contrasted to those that are private at selected and neutral sites. We show that this simple test is robust to a variety of demographic changes, and that it can also give a direct estimate of the number of shared polymorphisms that are directly maintained by balancing selection. We apply our method to population genomic data from humans and provide some evidence that hundreds of nonsynonymous polymorphisms are subject to balancing selection.The role that balancing selection plays in the maintenance of genetic diversity remains unresolved. Here, we introduce a new test, based on the McDonald-Kreitman test, in which the number of polymorphisms that are shared between populations is contrasted to those that are private at selected and neutral sites. We show that this simple test is robust to a variety of demographic changes, and that it can also give a direct estimate of the number of shared polymorphisms that are directly maintained by balancing selection. We apply our method to population genomic data from humans and provide some evidence that hundreds of nonsynonymous polymorphisms are subject to balancing selection. The role that balancing selection plays in the maintenance of genetic diversity remains unresolved. Here, we introduce a new test, based on the McDonald–Kreitman test, in which the number of polymorphisms that are shared between populations is contrasted to those that are private at selected and neutral sites. We show that this simple test is robust to a variety of demographic changes, and that it can also give a direct estimate of the number of shared polymorphisms that are directly maintained by balancing selection. We apply our method to population genomic data from humans and provide some evidence that hundreds of nonsynonymous polymorphisms are subject to balancing selection. What maintains genetic variation remains an unresolved mystery. This study describes the development of a new test and its application to human population genomic data, suggesting that natural selection may have a much more important role than previously thought, with hundreds of non-synonymous polymorphisms subject to balancing selection.
Audience	Academic
Author	Eyre-Walker, Adam Soni, Vivak Vos, Michiel
AuthorAffiliation	2 European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn, United Kingdom Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), AUSTRIA 1 School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom – name: 2 European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn, United Kingdom – name: Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), AUSTRIA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Vivak orcidid: 0000-0002-9496-9562 surname: Soni fullname: Soni, Vivak – sequence: 2 givenname: Michiel orcidid: 0000-0002-3917-8151 surname: Vos fullname: Vos, Michiel – sequence: 3 givenname: Adam orcidid: 0000-0001-5527-8729 surname: Eyre-Walker fullname: Eyre-Walker, Adam
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35653351$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNqVk1uL1DAYhousuAf9B6IBb9aLGXNoc_BCGBYPA4sLnm5DmiadDG0yJq3u_nszTkd2lkWUXKR8fd43-V6-nBZHPnhTFE8RnCPC0Kt1GKNX3XxTuzAnECJaVg-KE1SV1YxxXh3d-j4uTlNaQ4ixwPxRcUwqWhFSoZPCLIA3P8Fg0gDS2LZ5T2A1-iaaJoFggeqdD0Bp14BN6G76EDcrl_oEnM9cr3wCKpqsrddGD2AIoFad8tr5FiTT5ZoL_nHx0KoumSfTflZ8fff2y8WH2eXV--XF4nKmqaiGGVeo0kIjSxpLBK4ZM4Y0TCjLLS6xIsIi2nCrRQ1LWiLGdF6WWcMUNjUjZ8Xzne-mC0lOCSWJqYAMl1XJM7HcEU1Qa7mJrlfxRgbl5O9CiK1UcXC6MxIxSGoBCcakLnFpOW4M5TW3gmhIqcpeb6bTxro3jTZ-iKo7MD38491KtuGHFIhigstscD4ZxPB9zNHL3iVtupyfCeP23gznSyBKM_riDnp_dxPVqtyA8zbkc_XWVC4YFBWjnJBMze-h8mpM73SeMuty_UDw8kCQmcFcD60aU5LLz5_-g_347-zVt0P22e2w_6S8H-UMvN4BOoaUorFSu0Ftpy935zqJoNy-m31ucvtu5PRusri8I977_1X2C2VQHFQ
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1111_eva_70085 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tig_2023_02_004 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_54603_5 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_17632 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_79111 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_evolhumbehav_2024_106596 crossref_primary_10_1093_g3journal_jkae069 crossref_primary_10_1093_genetics_iyaf128
Cites_doi	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004845 10.1002/humu.22264 10.1073/pnas.1220835110 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040072 10.1534/genetics.106.057570 10.1093/molbev/msy228 10.1093/molbev/msv142 10.1111/mec.13226 10.1093/genetics/162.4.2017 10.1371/journal.pone.0195702 10.1074/mcp.M113.035600 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002127 10.1159/000478963 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004039 10.1016/j.tig.2004.11.001 10.1126/sciadv.aaw9206 10.1073/pnas.0705140104 10.1093/genetics/156.1.297 10.1086/508473 10.1534/genetics.116.188912 10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.112420 10.1534/genetics.106.055715 10.1093/molbev/msp190 10.1038/44853 10.1073/pnas.1019276108 10.1093/jhered/89.4.289 10.1038/s41467-018-05281-7 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00116.x 10.1111/evo.12567 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004561 10.1534/genetics.104.036939 10.1038/351652a0 10.1534/genetics.107.080663 10.1016/j.pt.2010.04.002 10.1126/science.1234070 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00278.x 10.1093/gbe/evy054 10.1093/molbev/msn005 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005774 10.1093/molbev/msx209 10.1038/335167a0 10.1073/pnas.0306582101 10.1038/10290 10.7554/eLife.36317 10.1093/genetics/158.3.1227 10.1126/science.aap9125 10.1093/molbev/msk025 10.1073/pnas.2536718100 10.1038/nature15393 10.1073/pnas.1114573108 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02371-0 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1971.tb00266.x 10.1093/nar/gkq603 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000027
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science 2022 Soni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2022 Soni et al 2022 Soni et al
Copyright_xml	– notice: COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science – notice: 2022 Soni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2022 Soni et al 2022 Soni et al
DBID	AAYXX CITATION NPM IOV ISN ISR 3V. 7QG 7QL 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TK 7TM 7X7 7XB 88E 8FD 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ATCPS AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI C1K CCPQU DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M1P M7N M7P P64 PATMY PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PYCSY RC3 7X8 5PM DOA CZG
DOI	10.1371/journal.pbio.3001645
DatabaseName	CrossRef PubMed Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints Gale In Context: Canada Gale In Context: Science ProQuest Central (Corporate) Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Immunology Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Journals Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Biological Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Environmental Science Collection Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals PLoS Biology
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef PubMed Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Central Essentials Nucleic Acids Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Ecology Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Collection Entomology Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Environmental Science Database Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Medical Library Animal Behavior Abstracts Immunology Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	PubMed Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE - Academic CrossRef
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Biology
DocumentTitleAlternate	Balancing selection in the human genome
EISSN	1545-7885
ExternalDocumentID	2690724548 oai_doaj_org_article_1703b903223b424f82de68b8f93c066a PMC9162324 A709576833 35653351 10_1371_journal_pbio_3001645
Genre	Journal Article
GeographicLocations	United Kingdom
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: United Kingdom
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: ; grantid: NE/T008083/1
GroupedDBID	--- 123 29O 2WC 36B 53G 5VS 7X7 7XC 88E 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAUCC AAWOE AAYXX ABDBF ABIVO ABUFD ABUWG ACCTH ACGFO ACIHN ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AFXKF AHMBA AKRSQ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS ATCPS B0M BAIFH BAWUL BBNVY BBTPI BCNDV BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CITATION CS3 DIK DU5 E3Z EAD EAP EAS EBD EBS EJD EMB EMK EMOBN EPL ESX F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HMCUK HYE IAG IAO IGS IHR IOV ISE ISN ISR ITC KQ8 LK8 M1P M48 M7P O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P PATMY PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PV9 PYCSY QF4 QN7 RNS RPM RZL SJN SV3 TR2 TUS UKHRP WOW XSB YZZ ~8M .GJ ADRAZ ALIPV C1A IPNFZ NPM RIG WOQ 3V. 7QG 7QL 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TK 7TM 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ H94 K9. M7N P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 PUEGO 5PM - AAPBV ABFLS ABPTK ACDSR ADACO AGJBV BBAFP CZG M~E UMP ZA5
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c695t-8a15c9c1f3df392b77ee3d79af8f242a39f16d8fc9b0464177c7c7f7fe7a2eb73
IEDL.DBID	M7P
ISICitedReferencesCount	12
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000827717700003&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1545-7885 1544-9173
IngestDate	Sun Jul 31 00:44:57 EDT 2022 Tue Oct 14 19:02:51 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:00:13 EST 2025 Wed Oct 01 14:34:02 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 14:54:00 EST 2025 Tue Nov 11 10:54:15 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 18:14:02 EST 2025 Thu Nov 13 16:12:35 EST 2025 Thu Nov 13 16:11:57 EST 2025 Thu Nov 13 16:12:40 EST 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:08:55 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:32:22 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:45:37 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	6
Language	English
License	This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creative Commons Attribution License
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c695t-8a15c9c1f3df392b77ee3d79af8f242a39f16d8fc9b0464177c7c7f7fe7a2eb73
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ORCID	0000-0002-3917-8151 0000-0002-9496-9562 0000-0001-5527-8729
OpenAccessLink	https://www.proquest.com/docview/2690724548?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID	35653351
PQID	2690724548
PQPubID	1436341
ParticipantIDs	plos_journals_2690724548 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_1703b903223b424f82de68b8f93c066a pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9162324 proquest_miscellaneous_2672703166 proquest_journals_2690724548 gale_infotracmisc_A709576833 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A709576833 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A709576833 gale_incontextgauss_ISN_A709576833 gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A709576833 pubmed_primary_35653351 crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pbio_3001645 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pbio_3001645
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20220602
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2022-06-02
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 6 year: 2022 text: 20220602 day: 2
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	United States
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: United States – name: San Francisco – name: San Francisco, CA USA
PublicationTitle	PLoS biology
PublicationTitleAlternate	PLoS Biol
PublicationYear	2022
Publisher	Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publisher_xml	– name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
References	AL Hughes (pbio.3001645.ref031) 2003; 100 MK Sakharkar (pbio.3001645.ref056) 2004; 4 BC Haller (pbio.3001645.ref051) 2019; 36 C-k Yang (pbio.3001645.ref041) 2017; 42 A Eyre-Walker (pbio.3001645.ref017) 2006; 173 M Cargill (pbio.3001645.ref029) 1999; 22 L Fagerberg (pbio.3001645.ref045) 2014; 13 A Davidson (pbio.3001645.ref043) 2013; 34 AL Hughes (pbio.3001645.ref004) 1988; 335 S Asthana (pbio.3001645.ref032) 2007; 104 AL Hughes (pbio.3001645.ref033) 2005; 169 R. Nielsen (pbio.3001645.ref001) 2005; 39 The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (pbio.3001645.ref022) 2015; 526 GD Weedall (pbio.3001645.ref023) 2010; 26 JP Spence (pbio.3001645.ref049) 2019; 5 F Pouyet (pbio.3001645.ref037) 2018; 7 CD Huber (pbio.3001645.ref055) 2018; 9 A Yates (pbio.3001645.ref018) 2020; 48 P Nosil (pbio.3001645.ref003) 2018; 359 B Dumont (pbio.3001645.ref052) 2008; 62 N. Delihas (pbio.3001645.ref046) 2018; 13 The MHC sequencing consortium (pbio.3001645.ref027) 1999; 401 AM Andrés (pbio.3001645.ref007) 2009; 26 L Zhao (pbio.3001645.ref047) 2016; 203 M Nachman (pbio.3001645.ref053) 2000; 156 Z Gao (pbio.3001645.ref010) 2015; 69 PW Messer (pbio.3001645.ref021) 2013; 110 J. Charlesworth (pbio.3001645.ref034) 2006; 23 BD Bitarello (pbio.3001645.ref015) 2018; 10 KM Siewert (pbio.3001645.ref014) 2017; 34 JC Fay (pbio.3001645.ref019) 2001; 158 EM Leffler (pbio.3001645.ref008) 2013; 339 D Theisen (pbio.3001645.ref042) 2019; 177 S. Paterson (pbio.3001645.ref026) 1998; 89 A. Eyre-Walker (pbio.3001645.ref028) 2002; 162 AC Allison (pbio.3001645.ref002) 1956; 21 BF Voight (pbio.3001645.ref038) 2006; 4 A Eyre-Walker (pbio.3001645.ref030) 2002; 19 S Asthana (pbio.3001645.ref005) 2005; 21 N. Galtier (pbio.3001645.ref057) 2016; 12 J Gasper (pbio.3001645.ref040) 2006; 79 G-Y Huh (pbio.3001645.ref044) 2001; 316 A Hodgkinson (pbio.3001645.ref050) 2009; 7 S Gravel (pbio.3001645.ref036) 2011; 108 K Wang (pbio.3001645.ref048) 2010; 38 J Tennessen (pbio.3001645.ref039) 2011; 7 A Fijarczyk (pbio.3001645.ref012) 2015; 24 J McDonald (pbio.3001645.ref016) 1991; 351 D Sellis (pbio.3001645.ref035) 2011; 108 J Charlesworth (pbio.3001645.ref020) 2008; 25 PW Hedrick (pbio.3001645.ref024) 2002; 56 A Aguilar (pbio.3001645.ref025) 2004; 101 KL Bubb (pbio.3001645.ref006) 2006; 173 M DeGiorgio (pbio.3001645.ref009) 2014; 10 P Keightley (pbio.3001645.ref054) 2007; 177 S Sheehan (pbio.3001645.ref013) 2016; 12 H Hunter-Zinck (pbio.3001645.ref011) 2015; 32
References_xml	– volume: 12 start-page: e1004845 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: pbio.3001645.ref013 article-title: Deep Learning for Population Genetic Inference publication-title: PLoS Comput Biol doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004845 – volume: 34 start-page: 506 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: pbio.3001645.ref043 article-title: RP1L1 variants are associated with a spectrum of inherited retinal diseases including retinitis pigmentosa and occult macular dystrophy publication-title: Hum Mutat doi: 10.1002/humu.22264 – volume: 4 start-page: 387 issue: 4 year: 2004 ident: pbio.3001645.ref056 article-title: Distributions of exons and introns in the human genome publication-title: In Silico Biol – volume: 110 start-page: 8615 issue: 21 year: 2013 ident: pbio.3001645.ref021 article-title: Frequent adaptation and the McDonald-Kreitman test publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.1220835110 – volume: 4 start-page: e72 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: pbio.3001645.ref038 article-title: A Map of Recent Positive Selection in the Human Genome publication-title: PLoS Biol doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040072 – volume: 173 start-page: 891 issue: 2 year: 2006 ident: pbio.3001645.ref017 article-title: The Distribution of Fitness Effects of New Deleterious Amino Acid Mutations in Humans publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1534/genetics.106.057570 – volume: 36 start-page: 632 issue: 3 year: 2019 ident: pbio.3001645.ref051 article-title: SLiM 3: Forward Genetic Simulations Beyond the Wright–Fisher Model publication-title: Mol Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy228 – volume: 32 start-page: 2784 issue: 10 year: 2015 ident: pbio.3001645.ref011 article-title: Aberrant Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor as a Signature of Natural Selection publication-title: Mol Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/molbev/msv142 – volume: 24 start-page: 3529 issue: 14 year: 2015 ident: pbio.3001645.ref012 article-title: Detecting balancing selection in genomes: limits and prospects publication-title: Mol Ecol doi: 10.1111/mec.13226 – volume: 162 start-page: 2017 issue: 4 year: 2002 ident: pbio.3001645.ref028 article-title: Changing effective population size and the McDonald-Kreitman test publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1093/genetics/162.4.2017 – volume: 13 start-page: e0195702 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: pbio.3001645.ref046 article-title: A family of long intergenic non-coding RNA genes in human chromosomal region 22q11.2 carry a DNA translocation breakpoint/AT-rich sequence publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195702 – volume: 13 start-page: 397 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: pbio.3001645.ref045 article-title: Analysis of the Human Tissue-specific Expression by Genome-wide Integration of Transcriptomics and Antibody-based Proteomics publication-title: Mol Cell Proteomics doi: 10.1074/mcp.M113.035600 – volume: 7 start-page: e1002127 issue: 6 year: 2011 ident: pbio.3001645.ref039 article-title: Parallel adaptive divergence among geographically diverse human populations publication-title: PLoS Genet doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002127 – volume: 42 start-page: 1342 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: pbio.3001645.ref041 article-title: Genome-Wide Association Study of MKI67 Expression and its Clinical Implications in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Southern China publication-title: Cell Physiol Biochem doi: 10.1159/000478963 – volume: 19 start-page: 2142 issue: 12 year: 2002 ident: pbio.3001645.ref030 article-title: Quantifying the Slightly Deleterious Mutation Model of Molecular Evolution publication-title: Mol Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004039 – volume: 21 start-page: 30 issue: 1 year: 2005 ident: pbio.3001645.ref005 article-title: A limited role for balancing selection publication-title: Trends Genet doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2004.11.001 – volume: 5 start-page: eaaw9206 issue: 10 year: 2019 ident: pbio.3001645.ref049 article-title: Inference and analysis of population-specific fine-scale recombination maps across 26 diverse human populations publication-title: Sci Adv doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw9206 – volume: 104 start-page: 12410 issue: 30 year: 2007 ident: pbio.3001645.ref032 article-title: Widely distributed noncoding purifying selection in the human genome publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.0705140104 – volume: 156 start-page: 297 issue: 1 year: 2000 ident: pbio.3001645.ref053 article-title: Estimation of the mutation rate per nucelotide in humans publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1093/genetics/156.1.297 – volume: 79 start-page: 820 issue: 5 year: 2006 ident: pbio.3001645.ref040 article-title: Molecular Population Genetics of the Gene Encoding the Human Fertilization Protein Zonadhesin Reveals Rapid Adaptive Evolution publication-title: Am J Hum Genet doi: 10.1086/508473 – volume: 203 start-page: 1315 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: pbio.3001645.ref047 article-title: Resolving the Conflict Between Associative Overdominance and Background Selection publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1534/genetics.116.188912 – volume: 39 start-page: 197 issue: 1 year: 2005 ident: pbio.3001645.ref001 article-title: Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection publication-title: Annu Rev Genet doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.112420 – volume: 173 start-page: 2165 issue: 4 year: 2006 ident: pbio.3001645.ref006 article-title: Scan of Human Genome Reveals No New Loci Under Ancient Balancing Selection publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1534/genetics.106.055715 – volume: 26 start-page: 2755 issue: 12 year: 2009 ident: pbio.3001645.ref007 article-title: Targets of balancing selection in the human genome publication-title: Mol Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp190 – volume: 177 year: 2019 ident: pbio.3001645.ref042 article-title: Wdfy4-deficiency reveals a critical role for cross-presentation in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses publication-title: J Immunol – volume: 401 start-page: 921 issue: 6756 year: 1999 ident: pbio.3001645.ref027 article-title: Complete sequence and gene map of a human major histocompatibility complex publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/44853 – volume: 108 start-page: 11983 issue: 29 year: 2011 ident: pbio.3001645.ref036 article-title: Demographic history and rare allele sharing among human populations publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019276108 – volume: 89 start-page: 289 issue: 4 year: 1998 ident: pbio.3001645.ref026 article-title: Evidence for balancing selection at the major histocompatibility complex in a free-living ruminant publication-title: J Hered doi: 10.1093/jhered/89.4.289 – volume: 9 start-page: 2750 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: pbio.3001645.ref055 article-title: Gene expression drives the evolution of dominance publication-title: Nat Commun doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05281-7 – volume: 56 start-page: 1902 issue: 10 year: 2002 ident: pbio.3001645.ref024 article-title: Pathogen resistance and genetic variation at MHC loci publication-title: Evolution doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00116.x – volume: 69 start-page: 431 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: pbio.3001645.ref010 article-title: Footprints of ancient-balanced polymorphisms in genetic variation data from closely related species publication-title: Evolution doi: 10.1111/evo.12567 – volume: 10 start-page: e1004561 issue: 8 year: 2014 ident: pbio.3001645.ref009 article-title: A Model-Based Approach for Identifying Signatures of Ancient Balancing Selection in Genetic Data publication-title: PLoS Genet doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004561 – volume: 169 start-page: 533 issue: 2 year: 2005 ident: pbio.3001645.ref033 article-title: Evidence for Abundant Slightly Deleterious Polymorphisms in Bacterial Populations publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1534/genetics.104.036939 – volume: 351 start-page: 652 issue: 6328 year: 1991 ident: pbio.3001645.ref016 article-title: Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/351652a0 – volume: 177 start-page: 2251 year: 2007 ident: pbio.3001645.ref054 article-title: Joint inference of the distribution of fitness effects of deleterious mutations and population demography based on nucleotide polymorphism frequencies publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1534/genetics.107.080663 – volume: 26 start-page: 363 issue: 7 year: 2010 ident: pbio.3001645.ref023 article-title: Detecting signatures of balancing selection to identify targets of anti-parasite immunity publication-title: Trends Parasitol doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.04.002 – volume: 339 start-page: 1578 issue: 6127 year: 2013 ident: pbio.3001645.ref008 article-title: Multiple Instances of Ancient Balancing Selection Shared Between Humans and Chimpanzees publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1234070 – volume: 62 start-page: 281 issue: 2 year: 2008 ident: pbio.3001645.ref052 article-title: Evolution of the genomic rate of recombination in mammals publication-title: Evolution doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00278.x – volume: 10 start-page: 939 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: pbio.3001645.ref015 article-title: Signatures of Long-Term Balancing Selection in Human Genomes publication-title: Genome Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/gbe/evy054 – volume: 25 start-page: 1007 issue: 6 year: 2008 ident: pbio.3001645.ref020 article-title: The McDonald-Kreitman Test and Slightly Deleterious Mutations publication-title: Mol Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/molbev/msn005 – volume: 12 start-page: e1005774 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: pbio.3001645.ref057 article-title: Adaptive Protein Evolution in Animals and the Effective Population Size Hypothesis publication-title: PLoS Genet doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005774 – volume: 34 start-page: 2996 issue: 11 year: 2017 ident: pbio.3001645.ref014 article-title: Detecting Long-Term Balancing Selection Using Allele Frequency Correlation publication-title: Mol Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/molbev/msx209 – volume: 335 start-page: 167 issue: 6186 year: 1988 ident: pbio.3001645.ref004 article-title: Pattern of nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/335167a0 – volume: 101 start-page: 3490 issue: 10 year: 2004 ident: pbio.3001645.ref025 article-title: High MHC diversity maintained by balancing selection in an otherwise genetically monomorphic mammal publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.0306582101 – volume: 22 start-page: 231 issue: 3 year: 1999 ident: pbio.3001645.ref029 article-title: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes publication-title: Nat Genet doi: 10.1038/10290 – volume: 7 start-page: e36317 year: 2018 ident: pbio.3001645.ref037 article-title: Background selection and biased gene conversion affect more than 95% of the human genome and bias demographic inferences publication-title: Elife doi: 10.7554/eLife.36317 – volume: 158 start-page: 1227 issue: 3 year: 2001 ident: pbio.3001645.ref019 article-title: Positive and negative selection on the human genome publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1093/genetics/158.3.1227 – volume: 359 start-page: 765 issue: 6377 year: 2018 ident: pbio.3001645.ref003 article-title: Natural selection and the predictability of evolution in Timema stick insects publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.aap9125 – volume: 23 start-page: 1348 issue: 7 year: 2006 ident: pbio.3001645.ref034 article-title: The Rate of Adaptive Evolution in Enteric Bacteria publication-title: Mol Biol Evol doi: 10.1093/molbev/msk025 – volume: 48 start-page: D682 issue: D1 year: 2020 ident: pbio.3001645.ref018 article-title: Ensembl 2020 publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res – volume: 100 start-page: 15754 issue: 26 year: 2003 ident: pbio.3001645.ref031 article-title: Widespread purifying selection at polymorphic sites in human protein-coding loci publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.2536718100 – volume: 526 start-page: 68 issue: 7571 year: 2015 ident: pbio.3001645.ref022 article-title: A global reference for human genetic variation publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature15393 – volume: 108 start-page: 20666 issue: 51 year: 2011 ident: pbio.3001645.ref035 article-title: Heterozygote advantage as a natural consequence of adaptation in diploids publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.1114573108 – volume: 316 start-page: 41 issue: 1 year: 2001 ident: pbio.3001645.ref044 article-title: Calpain proteolysis of αII-spectrin in the normal adult human brain publication-title: Neurosci Lett doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02371-0 – volume: 21 start-page: 67 issue: 1 year: 1956 ident: pbio.3001645.ref002 article-title: The sickle-cell and haemoglobin C genes in some African populations publication-title: Ann Hum Genet doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1971.tb00266.x – volume: 38 start-page: e164 issue: 16 year: 2010 ident: pbio.3001645.ref048 article-title: ANNOVAR: functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq603 – volume: 7 start-page: e1000027 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: pbio.3001645.ref050 article-title: Cryptic Variation in the Human Mutation Rate publication-title: PLoS Biol doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000027
SSID	ssj0022928
Score	2.4585834
Snippet	The role that balancing selection plays in the maintenance of genetic diversity remains unresolved. Here, we introduce a new test, based on the...
SourceID	plos doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed crossref
SourceType	Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source
StartPage	e3001645
SubjectTerms	Amino acids Balancing Biology and Life Sciences Evolution & development Genetic aspects Genetic diversity Genetic polymorphisms Methods and Resources Mutation Physiological aspects Polymorphism Population Quantitative genetics Research and Analysis Methods Simulation
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3di9QwEA-yKPgift_qKVEEn3q3TdomeVzFQ0FW8eO4t5KkyV1ht102u8L9986k3XKVk_NB-tZMCp2ZzEcy-Q0hb5gsZlbLDNKSTCWZYx7sYKYThWDlVkitYvH46WexWMizM_X1SqsvrAnr4IE7xh2noJJGzUDvuMlY5iWrXCGN9IpbcJcxNJoJtU-m-lSLqdhVFaFmYDkL3l-a4yI97mV0tDZ1e8QjxFQ-ckoRu3-w0JP1sg3XhZ9_VlFecUsn98m9Pp6k8-4_HpBbrnlI7nQdJi8fETenEDdTiCe3NOzO8TAp0IsdVjFWgbae6lXdtFTbuqLrdnm5aoHvdVgFWjc09u8LVG8czDW4YUO3LTVYDGnB49EQe-iAYB-Tnycffrz_mPSdFRJbqHybSJ3mVtnU88pDgGSEcI5XQmkvPfhszZVPi0p6qwwefaZCWHi88E5o5ozgT8ikaRt3QCjPrWFGYq9Pk0G6aaypUqmrwirELqymhO9ZW9oedhy7XyzLeJYmIP3oOFWiQMpeIFOSDLPWHezGDfTvUGoDLYJmxxegSmWvSuVNqjQlr1HmJcJiNFh3c653IZSfvpyWcwGhKGRmnP-N6PviX4i-jYje9kS-BY5Y3V-IAL4iJteI8nBECRbAjoYPUEn3jAklwy0PlkEyCjP3inv98KthGD-KBXeNa3dIA4EtGPyimJKnnZ4PzOWQBHCep1MiRitgxP3xSFNfROhySEYwhH_2P8T1nNxleBcFt8TYIZlsNzv3gty2v7Z12LyM9uA3NMRiXw priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access dbid: FPL link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3db9MwELeggMQL37DCQAYh8ZRtsdPYfiyICqSpTHxMe4tsx94itUlVN0j777lL0kCmVYDyFp-j6M4-388-_46Qt0ymR1bLBGBJoqLEMQ9-MNGRQrJyK6RWTfL46bGYz-XZmTr5DRSvnOBzER92Oj1YmaI64A0l1OQmuQXfShFszU6Oe4DFFJPd9bhdPQfLT8PS3_vi0WpRhesCzav5kn8sQLP7__vrD8i9LtSk03ZsPCQ3XPmI3GmLT14-Jm5KIaSmEGpuaKjP8Zwp0IsaExzzQCtP9bIoK6ptkdNVtbhcVmCSIiwDLUralPYLVK8d9DW4l0M3FTWYJ2lhMaShKa8DNn9Cfsw-fv_wKeqKLkQ2VZNNJHU8scrGnuceYicjhHM8F0p76WE511z5OM2lt8rgqWgshIXHC--EZs4I_pSMyqp0e4TyiTXMSCwDahJAosaaPJY6T61CWsN8TPjWFpntGMmxMMYia47ZBCCTVlMZKjDrFDgmUd9r1TJy_EX-PZq5l0U-7eYFWCrrpmcWg-Mz6gi8GzcJS7xkuUulkV5xC0GZHpM3OEgyZMwoMSXnXNchZJ-_nGZTAVEqgDbOdwl9m_-L0NeB0LtOyFegEau7uxKgV6TrGkjuDyTBOdhB8x6O6q1iQsZwN4QlgFOh53akX9_8um_Gj2IuXumqGmUg5oW1IE3H5Fk7MXrlcsAHnE_iMRGDKTPQ_rClLC4aVnPAKRjdP9_9xy_IXYaXT3APjO2T0WZdu5fktv25KcL6VeMKfgGPEF3a priority: 102 providerName: Public Library of Science
Title	A new test suggests hundreds of amino acid polymorphisms in humans are subject to balancing selection
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35653351 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2690724548 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2672703166 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9162324 https://doaj.org/article/1703b903223b424f82de68b8f93c066a http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001645
Volume	20
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000827717700003&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1545-7885 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0022928 issn: 1545-7885 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20030101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1545-7885 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0022928 issn: 1545-7885 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20031001 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Environmental Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1545-7885 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0022928 issn: 1545-7885 databaseCode: PATMY dateStart: 20031001 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1545-7885 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0022928 issn: 1545-7885 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20031001 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1545-7885 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0022928 issn: 1545-7885 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20031001 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1545-7885 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0022928 issn: 1545-7885 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20031001 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVATS databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 1545-7885 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0022928 issn: 1545-7885 databaseCode: FPL dateStart: 20030101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.plos.org/publications/ providerName: Public Library of Science
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwELdYBxIvfMMKozIIiadsS5zG9hPq0ComjVINmMpTZDtxF6lNSt0i7b_nzk0DQeNDQpXyUJ-r9O58vjuff0fIq0gkR0aJGMKSWAZxHlmwg7EKJIKVGy6U9MXjF2d8NBKTiRzXCTdXl1VubaI31FllMEd-GGEYF8XgYL9ZfA2waxSertYtNHbILqIkRL50b9wEXJH0vVURcAYWNWf11TnGw8NaUgcLXVQHzANN9Vtbk0fwb-x0ZzGr3HVO6K-1lD9tTsO7__u37pE7tVtKBxs9uk9u5OUDcmvTqPLqIckHFNxvCm7pirr1FM-kHL1cYzFk5mhlqZoXZUWVKTK6qGZX8wrEV7i5o0VJfRtAR9Uyh7ka8z50VVGNNZUGNk7qfCse0I9H5PPw5NPbd0HdoCEwieyvAqHCvpEmtCyz4GdpzvOcZVwqKyxs_YpJGyaZsEZqPEENOTfwsdzmXEW55uwx6ZRVme8RyvpGR1pgy1AdQ9Sqjc5CobLESIRAzLqEbWWTmhq9HJtozFJ_JMchitlwKkWJprVEuyRoZi026B1_oT9GsTe0iL3tv6iW07ReymkIRlLLI7CETMdRbEWU5YnQwkpmwIFTXfISlSZFdI0Sy3emau1cevrhIh1w8GghwGPsd0QfR_9CdN4iel0T2Qo4YlR9rwL4itBeLcr9FiUYEtMa3kMt3zLGpT90E2Zutff64RfNMP4o1u2VebVGGvCPYd9Iki55slkoDXMZxBKM9cMu4a0l1OJ-e6QsLj0COsQ0GAk8_fNrPSO3I7ysgjmzaJ90Vst1_pzcNN9WhVv2yA6fcP8UPbJ7fDIan_d8Rgaew_FZz5sSGBmfvh9_-Q4IInif
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3db9MwELdGB4IXvmGFAQaBeMq22GkcPyBUPqZV28oE2zSegu3YW6Q1KXUL6j_F38hdmhaCxsfLHlDe4nOUXO7rZ5_vCHnKknjDqCQCWBLJILLMgR2MVCCxWLkRiZJV8vjhjuj3k6MjubdEvs3PwmBa5dwmVoY6Kw2uka8zhHEsggD75fBzgF2jcHd13kJjJhbbdvoVIJt_0XsD__cZY5tv919vBXVXgcDEsjMOEhV2jDSh45mD4EALYS3PhFQuceCvFJcujLPEGalx2y8UwsDlhLNCMasFh-deIMsRCnuLLO_1dvc-LiAek1U3VyxxA2ZE8PqwHhfhei0ba0Odl2u8Km3VaTjDqmfAwjO0hqelPyvs_TV78yd3uHntf2PkdXK1Drxpd6YpN8iSLW6SS7NWnNNbxHYpAAwKgfeY-skx7rp5ejLBdM_M09JRNciLkiqTZ3RYnk4HJQho7gee5gWtGh16qkYW5mpc2aLjkmrMGjUQGlBfNRsCDbhNDs7lG--QVlEWdoVQ3jGa6QSbouoIcLk2OgsTlcVGYpHHrE34XBZSU9dnxzYhp2m16SgAp804laIEpbUEtUmwmDWc1Sf5C_0rFLMFLVYXr26Uo-O0NlZpCG5Ayw2w9VxHLHIJy2yc6MRJbiBEVW3yBIU0xfohBSYoHauJ92nv3WHaFRCzA4Tl_HdEH_r_QvS-QfS8JnIlcMSo-uQI8BWLlzUoVxuUYCpNY3gFtWrOGJ_-0AWYOdeWs4cfL4bxoZiZWNhygjSAAMAzxnGb3J0p5oK5HNAS552wTURDZRvcb44U-UlV4x1QG2Kde39-rUfk8tb-7k660-tv3ydXGB7NwRVCtkpa49HEPiAXzZdx7kcPa0NFyafzVunvX43R3g
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3db9MwELdGB4gXvmGFAQaBeMq62GkcPyA0GBPVRqlgTOMp2I69RWqTUreg_Wv8ddylaSFofLzsAeUtPkfJ5b5-9vmOkMcsiTeNSiKAJZEMIssc2MFIBRKLlRuRKFkljx_siX4_OTyUgxXybXEWBtMqFzaxMtRZaXCNvMMQxrEIAuyOq9MiBts7z8efA-wghTuti3YacxHZtSdfAb75Z71t-NdPGNt5tf_ydVB3GAhMLLvTIFFh10gTOp45CBS0ENbyTEjlEge-S3HpwjhLnJEatwBDIQxcTjgrFLNacHjuObIKIXnEWmR10Hsz-LiEe0xWnV2x3A2YFMHrg3tchJ1aTjbGOi83eFXmqttwjFX_gKWXaI2HpT8tBP41k_Mn17hz5X9m6lVyuQ7I6dZcg66RFVtcJxfmLTpPbhC7RQF4UAjIp9TPjnA3ztPjGaaBZp6WjqpRXpRUmTyj43J4MipBcHM_8jQvaNUA0VM1sTBX44oXnZZUYzapgZCB-qoJEWjGTfLhTL7xFmkVZWHXCOVdo5lOsFmqjgCva6OzMFFZbCQWf8zahC_kIjV13XZsHzJMq81IAfhtzqkUpSmtpalNguWs8bxuyV_oX6DILWmx6nh1o5wcpbURS0NwD1pugg_gOmKRS1hm40QnTnIDoatqk0cosCnWFSlQmI7UzPu09_Yg3RIQywO05fx3RO_7_0L0rkH0tCZyJXDEqPpECfAVi5o1KNcblGBCTWN4DTVswRif_tALmLnQnNOHHy6H8aGYsVjYcoY0gAzAY8Zxm9yeK-mSuRxQFOfdsE1EQ30b3G-OFPlxVfsd0BxioDt_fq0H5CLocbrX6-_eJZcYntjBhUO2TlrTyczeI-fNl2nuJ_drm0XJp7PW6O8esdqe
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+new+test+suggests+hundreds+of+amino+acid+polymorphisms+in+humans+are+subject+to+balancing+selection&rft.jtitle=PLoS+biology&rft.au=Soni%2C+Vivak&rft.au=Vos%2C+Michiel&rft.au=Eyre-Walker%2C+Adam&rft.date=2022-06-02&rft.issn=1545-7885&rft.eissn=1545-7885&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e3001645&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.3001645&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1545-7885&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1545-7885&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1545-7885&client=summon