Sediment drying-rewetting cycles enhance greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient and trace element release, and promote water cytogenotoxicity

Increased periods of prolonged droughts followed by severe precipitation events are expected throughout South America due to climate change. Freshwater sediments are especially sensitive to these changing climate conditions. The increased oscillation of water levels in aquatic ecosystems causes enha...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one Jg. 15; H. 4; S. e0231082
Hauptverfasser: Paranaíba, José R., Quadra, Gabrielle, Josué, Iollanda I. P., Almeida, Rafael M., Mendonça, Raquel, Cardoso, Simone Jaqueline, Silva, Júlio, Kosten, Sarian, Campos, José Marcello, Almeida, Joseane, Araújo, Rafael Lethournon, Roland, Fábio, Barros, Nathan
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Public Library of Science 02.04.2020
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Schlagworte:
Air pollution
Allium cepa
Aquatic ecosystems
Atmospheric carbon dioxide
Brazil
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Climate change
Climatic conditions
Contaminants
Drought
Droughts
Drying
Earth Sciences
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Ecosystem biology
Ecosystems
Emissions
Environmental changes
Eutrophication
Fluxes
Freshwater ecosystems
Global temperature changes
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Laboratories
Manganese
Methane
Nitrogen
Nutrient cycles
Nutrient enrichment
Nutrient release
Nutrients
Phosphorus
Physical Sciences
Precipitation
Precipitation (Meteorology)
Research and Analysis Methods
Rivers
Sediments
Sediments (Geology)
Toxicity
Trace elements
Water
Water levels
Water shortages
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro Brazil
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Zusammenfassung:Increased periods of prolonged droughts followed by severe precipitation events are expected throughout South America due to climate change. Freshwater sediments are especially sensitive to these changing climate conditions. The increased oscillation of water levels in aquatic ecosystems causes enhanced cycles of sediment drying and rewetting. Here we experimentally evaluate the effects of induced drought followed by a rewetting event on the release of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and trace elements (iron, manganese, and zinc) from the sediment of a tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we used bulb onions (Allium cepa) to assess the potential cytogenotoxicity of the water overlying sediments after rewetting. We found peaks in CO2 and CH4 emissions when sediments first transitioned from wet to dry, with fluxes declining as sediments dried out. CO2 emissions peaked again upon rewetting, whereas CH4 emissions remained unaltered. Our experiment also revealed average increases by up to a factor of ~5000 in the release rates of nutrients and trace elements in water overlying sediments after rewetting. These increased release rates of potentially toxic compounds likely explain the lower replication of Allium cepa cells (up to 22% reduction) exposed to water overlying sediments after rewetting. Our findings suggest that increased events of drought followed by rewetting may lead to a range of changes in freshwater ecosystems, including nutrient enrichment, increased toxicity following resuspension of contaminants, and higher emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0231082