Does Childhood Diarrhea Influence Cognition Beyond the Diarrhea-Stunting Pathway?

Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity among children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries yet the additional effects and sequelae, such as cognitive impairment associated with diarrhea, have not been quantified. We quantified the association between diarrhea prevalence and cog...

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Vydané v:PloS one Ročník 7; číslo 10; s. e47908
Hlavní autori: Fischer Walker, Christa L., Lamberti, Laura, Adair, Linda, Guerrant, Richard L., Lescano, Andres G., Martorell, Reynaldo, Pinkerton, Relana C., Black, Robert E.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States Public Library of Science 31.10.2012
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:
Age
Analysis
Anthropometry
Biology
Body measurements
Caregivers
Child
Child & adolescent psychiatry
Child development
Child, Preschool
Childhood
Children
Children & youth
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition Disorders - complications
Cognition Disorders - epidemiology
Cognition Disorders - etiology
Cognitive ability
Cognitive development
Complications
Construction standards
Datasets
Diarrhea
Diarrhea - complications
Diarrhea - epidemiology
Diarrhea - physiopathology
Epidemiology
Family income
Female
Health surveillance
Households
Humans
Infections
Infectious diseases
Linear Models
Male
Malnutrition
Medicine
Meta-analysis
Morbidity
Mortality
Nutrition
Population studies
Public health
Regression analysis
Regression coefficients
Regression models
Socioeconomic factors
Studies
Surveillance
Variables
United States > US
Peru
Maryland
Virginia
Baltimore Maryland
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity among children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries yet the additional effects and sequelae, such as cognitive impairment associated with diarrhea, have not been quantified. We quantified the association between diarrhea prevalence and cognitive outcomes while controlling for linear growth in 4 study populations. Cognition was assessed using different methods across sites and was expressed in standardized units. We built linear regression models for each study with standardized cognitive score as the outcome and diarrhea prevalence as the main predictor variable. We then conducted meta-analyses of the regression coefficients to generate pooled estimates of the association between diarrhea prevalence and cognition whilst controlling for anthropometric status and other covariates. Diarrhea was not a significant predictor of cognitive score in any site in the regression models or in the meta-analyses (Coefficient = 0.07; 95% CI: -0.1, 0.2). The length for age Z- score was negatively related to cognition in all sites (0.18; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.21), with coefficients remarkably similar across sites (Coefficient Range: 0.168-0.186). We did not demonstrate an association between diarrhea and cognition with stunting included in the model. The links between diarrhea, stunting, and cognition provide additional rationale for accelerating interventions to reduce diarrhea.
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SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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Conceived and designed the experiments: CLFW LA RLG AGL RM RP REB. Performed the experiments: RLG AGL RM RP LA. Analyzed the data: LL CFW. Wrote the paper: CLFW LL LA RLG AGL RM RP REB.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0047908