Potential viral pathogenic mechanism in human type 1 diabetes

In type 1 diabetes, as a result of as yet unknown triggering events, auto-aggressive CD8 + T cells, together with a significant number of other inflammatory cells, including CD8 + T lymphocytes with unknown specificity, infiltrate the pancreas, leading to insulitis and destruction of the insulin-pro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetologia Vol. 57; no. 10; pp. 2009 - 2018
Main Authors: Schneider, Darius A., von Herrath, Matthias G.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.10.2014
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Antigens
Autoimmunity - immunology
Biological and medical sciences
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - etiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - virology
Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance
Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
Endocrinopathies
Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance
Human Physiology
Humans
Inflammation
Internal Medicine
Lymphocytes
Medical sciences
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Pancreas
Pathogenesis
Review
Viral infections
Virus Diseases - complications
Virus Diseases - immunology
La Jolla California
United States > US
Insulitis
Type 1 diabetes
Humans
Viruses
Autoimmune
Enterovirus
Environmental factors
Endocrinopathy
Autoimmunity
Human
Immunopathology
Picornaviridae
Autoimmune disease
Environmental factor
Virus
ISSN:0012-186X, 1432-0428, 1432-0428
Online Access:Get full text
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Description
Summary:In type 1 diabetes, as a result of as yet unknown triggering events, auto-aggressive CD8 + T cells, together with a significant number of other inflammatory cells, including CD8 + T lymphocytes with unknown specificity, infiltrate the pancreas, leading to insulitis and destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Type 1 diabetes is a multifactorial disease caused by an interactive combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses are major environmental candidates with known potential effects on specific key points in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and recent findings seem to confirm this presumption. However, we still lack well-grounded mechanistic explanations for how exactly viruses may influence type 1 diabetes aetiology. In this review we provide a summary of experimentally defined viral mechanisms potentially involved in the ontology of type 1 diabetes and discuss some novel hypotheses of how viruses may affect the initiation and natural history of the disease.
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ISSN:0012-186X
1432-0428
1432-0428
DOI:10.1007/s00125-014-3340-7