Digital versus analogue record systems for mass casualty incidents at sea—Results from an exploratory study

Mis-triage may have serious consequences for patients in mass casualty incidents (MCI) at sea. The purpose of this study was to assess outcome, reliability and validity of an analogue and a digital recording system for triage of a MCI at sea. The study based on a triage exercise conducted with a cro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one Vol. 15; no. 6; p. e0234156
Main Authors: Henning, Esther, Bakir, Mustafa Sinan, Haralambiev, Lyubomir, Kim, Simon, Schulz-Drost, Stefan, Hinz, Peter, Kohlmann, Thomas, Ekkernkamp, Axel, Gümbel, Denis
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: San Francisco Public Library of Science 05.06.2020
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Algorithms
Biology and Life Sciences
Comparative analysis
Documentation
Engineering and Technology
First aid
Health aspects
Injuries
Marine accidents
Mass casualties
Medical education
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Patients
People and Places
Physical Sciences
Physicians
Reconstructive surgery
Recording
Rehabilitation
Reliability analysis
Research and Analysis Methods
Trauma
Triage (Medicine)
Germany
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Mis-triage may have serious consequences for patients in mass casualty incidents (MCI) at sea. The purpose of this study was to assess outcome, reliability and validity of an analogue and a digital recording system for triage of a MCI at sea. The study based on a triage exercise conducted with a cross-over-design. Forty-eight volunteers were presented a fictional MCI with 50 cases. The volunteers were randomly assigned to start with the analogue (Group A, starting with the analogue followed by the digital system) or digital system (Group B, starting with the digital followed by the analogue system). Triage score distribution and agreement between the triage methods and a predefined standard were reported. Reliability was analysed using Cronbach's Alpha and Cohen's Kappa. Validity was measured through sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Treatment, period and carry-over-effects were analysed using a linear mixed-effects model. The number of patients triaged (total: n = 3545) with the analogue system (n = 1914; 79.75%) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than with the digital system (n = 1631; 67.96%). A trend towards a higher percentage of correct triages with the digital system was observed (p = 0.282). Ratio of under-triage was significantly smaller with the digital system (p = 0.001). Validity measured with Cronbach's Alpha and Cohen's Kappa was higher with the digital system. So was sensitivity (category; green: 80.67%, yellow: 73.24%, red: 83.54%; analogue: green: 93.28%, yellow: 82.36%, red: 94.04%) and specificity of the digital system (green: 78.07%, yellow: 63.75%, red: 66.25%; analogue: green: 85.50%, yellow: 79.88%, red: 91.50%). Comparing the predictive values and accuracy, the digital system showed higher scores than the analogue system. No significant patterns of carry-over-effects were observed. Significant differences were found for the number of triages comparing the analogue and digital recording system. The digital system has a slightly higher reliability and validity than the analogue triage system.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0234156