Contemporary carbon accumulation in a boreal oligotrophic minerogenic mire - a significant sink after accounting for all C-fluxes

Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C‐exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Global change biology Jg. 14; H. 10; S. 2317 - 2332
Hauptverfasser:	NILSSON, MATS, SAGERFORS, JÖRGEN, BUFFAM, ISHI, LAUDON, HJALMAR, ERIKSSON, TOBIAS, GRELLE, ACHIM, KLEMEDTSSON, LEIF, WESLIEN, PER, LINDROTH, ANDERS
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2008 Blackwell
Schlagworte:	Accumulation Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Atmosphere Biological and medical sciences boreal mire Carbon carbon balance Carbon dioxide Carbon sinks Climate change Dissolved inorganic carbon DOC Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Eddy covariance Emissions Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Geovetenskap och relaterad miljövetenskap Holocene Measurement techniques Meteorologi och atmosfärsvetenskap Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences Methane Natural Sciences Naturgeografi Naturvetenskap NECB NEE net ecosystem exchange Organic carbon peat Physical Geography Runoff Seasons Snow Sphagnum streams Sweden TOC Wetlands Sweden Methane Bryophyta TOC Trophic status Sphagnobrya Peat Carbon balance Peat bog Sphagnum NEE Dissolved organic carbon NECB Eddy covariance Runoff Stagnant water boreal mire DOC Biological accumulation Oligotrophy
ISSN:	1354-1013, 1365-2486, 1365-2486
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Abstract	Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C‐exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires are still very limited. Here, we present a full carbon budget over 2 years for a boreal minerogenic oligotrophic mire in northern Sweden (64°11′N, 19°33′E). Data on the following fluxes were collected: land–atmosphere CO2 exchange (continuous Eddy covariance measurements) and CH4 exchange (static chambers during the snow free period); TOC (total organic carbon) in precipitation; loss of TOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 through stream water runoff (continuous discharge measurements and regular C‐concentration measurements). The mire constituted a net sink of 27±3.4 (±SD) g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 20±3.4 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. This could be partitioned into an annual surface–atmosphere CO2 net uptake of 55±1.9 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 48±1.6 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. The annual NEE was further separated into a net uptake season, with an uptake of 92 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 86 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005, and a net loss season with a loss of 37 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 38 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. Of the annual net CO2‐C uptake, 37% and 31% was lost through runoff (with runoff TOC>DIC≫CH4) and 16% and 29% through methane emission during 2004 and 2005, respectively. This mire is still a significant C‐sink, with carbon accumulation rates comparable to the long‐term Holocene C‐accumulation, and higher than the C‐accumulation during the late Holocene in the region.
AbstractList	Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C-exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires are still very limited. Here, we present a full carbon budget over 2 years for a boreal minerogenic oligotrophic mire in northern Sweden (64 degrees 11'N, 19 degrees 33'E). Data on the following fluxes were collected: land-atmosphere CO2 exchange (continuous Eddy covariance measurements) and CH4 exchange (static chambers during the snow free period); TOC (total organic carbon) in precipitation; loss of TOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 through stream water runoff (continuous discharge measurements and regular C-concentration measurements). The mire constituted a net sink of 27 +/- 3.4 (+/- SD) g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2004 and 20 +/- 3.4 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2005. This could be partitioned into an annual surface-atmosphere CO2 net uptake of 55 +/- 1.9 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2004 and 48 +/- 1.6 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2005. The annual NEE was further separated into a net uptake season, with an uptake of 92 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2004 and 86 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2005, and a net loss season with a loss of 37 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2004 and 38 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2005. Of the annual net CO2-C uptake, 37% and 31% was lost through runoff (with runoff TOC > DIC >> CH4) and 16% and 29% through methane emission during 2004 and 2005, respectively. This mire is still a significant C-sink, with carbon accumulation rates comparable to the long-term Holocene C-accumulation, and higher than the C-accumulation during the late Holocene in the region. Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C-exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires are still very limited. Here, we present a full carbon budget over 2 years for a boreal minerogenic oligotrophic mire in northern Sweden (64 degrees 11'N, 19 degrees 33'E). Data on the following fluxes were collected: land-atmosphere CO2 exchange (continuous Eddy covariance measurements) and CH4 exchange (static chambers during the snow free period); TOC (total organic carbon) in precipitation; loss of TOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 through stream water runoff (continuous discharge measurements and regular C-concentration measurements). The mire constituted a net sink of 27 +/- 3.4 ( +/-SD) g C m-2 yr-1 during 2004 and 20 +/- 3.4 g C m-2 yr-1 during 2005. This could be partitioned into an annual surface-atmosphere CO2 net uptake of 55 +/- 1.9 g C m-2 yr-1 during 2004 and 48 +/- 1.6 g C m-2 yr-1 during 2005. The annual NEE was further separated into a net uptake season, with an uptake of 92 g C m-2 yr-1 during 2004 and 86 g C m-2 yr-1 during 2005, and a net loss season with a loss of 37 g C m-2 yr-1 during 2004 and 38 g C m-2 yr-1 during 2005. Of the annual net CO2-C uptake, 37% and 31% was lost through runoff (with runoff TOC > DIC [much greater than] CH4) and 16% and 29% through methane emission during 2004 and 2005, respectively. This mire is still a significant C-sink, with carbon accumulation rates comparable to the long-term Holocene C-accumulation, and higher than the C-accumulation during the late Holocene in the region. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C-exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires are still very limited. Here, we present a full carbon budget over 2 years for a boreal minerogenic oligotrophic mire in northern Sweden (64°11'N, 19°33'E). Data on the following fluxes were collected: land–atmosphere CO2 exchange (continuous Eddy covariance measurements) and CH4 exchange (static chambers during the snow free period); TOC (total organic carbon) in precipitation; loss of TOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 through stream water runoff (continuous discharge measurements and regular C-concentration measurements). The mire constituted a net sink of 27±3.4 (±SD) g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 20±3.4 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. This could be partitioned into an annual surface–atmosphere CO2 net uptake of 55±1.9 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 48±1.6 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. The annual NEE was further separated into a net uptake season, with an uptake of 92 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 86 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005, and a net loss season with a loss of 37 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 38 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. Of the annual net CO2-C uptake, 37% and 31% was lost through runoff (with runoff TOC>DIC≫CH4) and 16% and 29% through methane emission during 2004 and 2005, respectively. This mire is still a significant C-sink, with carbon accumulation rates comparable to the long-term Holocene C-accumulation, and higher than the C-accumulation during the late Holocene in the region Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C-exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires are still very limited. Here, we present a full carbon budget over 2 years for a boreal minerogenic oligotrophic mire in northern Sweden (64 degrees 11'N, 19 degrees 33'E). Data on the following fluxes were collected: land-atmosphere CO2 exchange (continuous Eddy covariance measurements) and CH4 exchange (static chambers during the snow free period); TOC (total organic carbon) in precipitation; loss of TOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 through stream water runoff (continuous discharge measurements and regular C-concentration measurements). The mire constituted a net sink of 27 +/- 3.4 (+/- SD) g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2004 and 20 +/- 3.4 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2005. This could be partitioned into an annual surface-atmosphere CO2 net uptake of 55 +/- 1.9 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2004 and 48 +/- 1.6 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2005. The annual NEE was further separated into a net uptake season, with an uptake of 92 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2004 and 86 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2005, and a net loss season with a loss of 37 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2004 and 38 g C m(-2) yr(-1) during 2005. Of the annual net CO2-C uptake, 37% and 31% was lost through runoff (with runoff TOC > DIC >> CH4) and 16% and 29% through methane emission during 2004 and 2005, respectively. This mire is still a significant C-sink, with carbon accumulation rates comparable to the long-term Holocene C-accumulation, and higher than the C-accumulation during the late Holocene in the region. Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C‐exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires are still very limited. Here, we present a full carbon budget over 2 years for a boreal minerogenic oligotrophic mire in northern Sweden (64°11′N, 19°33′E). Data on the following fluxes were collected: land–atmosphere CO2 exchange (continuous Eddy covariance measurements) and CH4 exchange (static chambers during the snow free period); TOC (total organic carbon) in precipitation; loss of TOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 through stream water runoff (continuous discharge measurements and regular C‐concentration measurements). The mire constituted a net sink of 27±3.4 (±SD) g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 20±3.4 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. This could be partitioned into an annual surface–atmosphere CO2 net uptake of 55±1.9 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 48±1.6 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. The annual NEE was further separated into a net uptake season, with an uptake of 92 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 86 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005, and a net loss season with a loss of 37 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2004 and 38 g C m−2 yr−1 during 2005. Of the annual net CO2‐C uptake, 37% and 31% was lost through runoff (with runoff TOC>DIC≫CH4) and 16% and 29% through methane emission during 2004 and 2005, respectively. This mire is still a significant C‐sink, with carbon accumulation rates comparable to the long‐term Holocene C‐accumulation, and higher than the C‐accumulation during the late Holocene in the region. Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C‐exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires are still very limited. Here, we present a full carbon budget over 2 years for a boreal minerogenic oligotrophic mire in northern Sweden (64°11′N, 19°33′E). Data on the following fluxes were collected: land–atmosphere CO 2 exchange (continuous Eddy covariance measurements) and CH 4 exchange (static chambers during the snow free period); TOC (total organic carbon) in precipitation; loss of TOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH 4 through stream water runoff (continuous discharge measurements and regular C‐concentration measurements). The mire constituted a net sink of 27±3.4 (±SD) g C m −2 yr −1 during 2004 and 20±3.4 g C m −2 yr −1 during 2005. This could be partitioned into an annual surface–atmosphere CO 2 net uptake of 55±1.9 g C m −2 yr −1 during 2004 and 48±1.6 g C m −2 yr −1 during 2005. The annual NEE was further separated into a net uptake season, with an uptake of 92 g C m −2 yr −1 during 2004 and 86 g C m −2 yr −1 during 2005, and a net loss season with a loss of 37 g C m −2 yr −1 during 2004 and 38 g C m −2 yr −1 during 2005. Of the annual net CO 2 ‐C uptake, 37% and 31% was lost through runoff (with runoff TOC>DIC≫CH 4 ) and 16% and 29% through methane emission during 2004 and 2005, respectively. This mire is still a significant C‐sink, with carbon accumulation rates comparable to the long‐term Holocene C‐accumulation, and higher than the C‐accumulation during the late Holocene in the region. Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous evaluation of the current net C-exchange in mires requires measurements of all relevant fluxes. Estimates of annual total carbon budgets in mires are still very limited. Here, we present a full carbon budget over 2 years for a boreal minerogenic oligotrophic mire in northern Sweden (64°11'N, 19°33'E). Data on the following fluxes were collected: land-atmosphere CO₂ exchange (continuous Eddy covariance measurements) and CH₄ exchange (static chambers during the snow free period); TOC (total organic carbon) in precipitation; loss of TOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH₄ through stream water runoff (continuous discharge measurements and regular C-concentration measurements). The mire constituted a net sink of 27±3.4 (±SD) g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ during 2004 and 20±3.4 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ during 2005. This could be partitioned into an annual surface-atmosphere CO₂ net uptake of 55±1.9 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ during 2004 and 48±1.6 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ during 2005. The annual NEE was further separated into a net uptake season, with an uptake of 92 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ during 2004 and 86 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ during 2005, and a net loss season with a loss of 37 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ during 2004 and 38 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ during 2005. Of the annual net CO₂-C uptake, 37% and 31% was lost through runoff (with runoff TOC>DIC[double greater-than sign]CH₄) and 16% and 29% through methane emission during 2004 and 2005, respectively. This mire is still a significant C-sink, with carbon accumulation rates comparable to the long-term Holocene C-accumulation, and higher than the C-accumulation during the late Holocene in the region.
Author	NILSSON, MATS BUFFAM, ISHI ERIKSSON, TOBIAS KLEMEDTSSON, LEIF WESLIEN, PER LINDROTH, ANDERS GRELLE, ACHIM LAUDON, HJALMAR SAGERFORS, JÖRGEN
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: MATS surname: NILSSON fullname: NILSSON, MATS organization: Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: JÖRGEN surname: SAGERFORS fullname: SAGERFORS, JÖRGEN organization: Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: ISHI surname: BUFFAM fullname: BUFFAM, ISHI organization: Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: HJALMAR surname: LAUDON fullname: LAUDON, HJALMAR organization: Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden – sequence: 5 givenname: TOBIAS surname: ERIKSSON fullname: ERIKSSON, TOBIAS organization: Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden – sequence: 6 givenname: ACHIM surname: GRELLE fullname: GRELLE, ACHIM organization: Department for Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden – sequence: 7 givenname: LEIF surname: KLEMEDTSSON fullname: KLEMEDTSSON, LEIF organization: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 8 givenname: PER surname: WESLIEN fullname: WESLIEN, PER organization: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden – sequence: 9 givenname: ANDERS surname: LINDROTH fullname: LINDROTH, ANDERS organization: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
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Snippet	Based on theories of mire development and responses to a changing climate, the current role of mires as a net carbon sink has been questioned. A rigorous...
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SubjectTerms	Accumulation Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Atmosphere Biological and medical sciences boreal mire Carbon carbon balance Carbon dioxide Carbon sinks Climate change Dissolved inorganic carbon DOC Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Eddy covariance Emissions Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Geovetenskap och relaterad miljövetenskap Holocene Measurement techniques Meteorologi och atmosfärsvetenskap Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences Methane Natural Sciences Naturgeografi Naturvetenskap NECB NEE net ecosystem exchange Organic carbon peat Physical Geography Runoff Seasons Snow Sphagnum streams Sweden TOC Wetlands
Title	Contemporary carbon accumulation in a boreal oligotrophic minerogenic mire - a significant sink after accounting for all C-fluxes
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