Subtype-specific plasticity of inhibitory circuits in motor cortex during motor learning

This study identifies opposite changes in two main subtypes of inhibitory neurons in the mouse motor cortex during motor learning. With learning, the number of synapses made by somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM-IN) onto the distal dendritic branches of pyramidal neurons decreased, wher...

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Vydáno v:	Nature neuroscience Ročník 18; číslo 8; s. 1109 - 1115
Hlavní autoři:	Chen, Simon X, Kim, An Na, Peters, Andrew J, Komiyama, Takaki
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.08.2015 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	14/69 631/378/1595/2618 631/378/2632/1663 631/378/3920 64/60 Animal Genetics and Genomics Animals Behavior, Animal - physiology Behavioral Sciences Biological Techniques Biomedicine Dendritic Spines - physiology GABAergic Neurons - physiology Laser Scanning Cytometry Learning - physiology Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Motor Activity - physiology Motor Cortex - physiology Motor learning Neural Inhibition - physiology Neural transmission Neurobiology Neuronal Plasticity - physiology Neurons Neuroplasticity Neurosciences Observations Optogenetics Psychological aspects Somatostatin - metabolism La Jolla California United States > US California
ISSN:	1097-6256, 1546-1726
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Popis
Shrnutí:	This study identifies opposite changes in two main subtypes of inhibitory neurons in the mouse motor cortex during motor learning. With learning, the number of synapses made by somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM-IN) onto the distal dendritic branches of pyramidal neurons decreased, whereas the number of perisomatic contacts made by parvalbumin-positive cells increased. The authors also found that optogenetic disruption of SOM-IN activity resulted in impairment of learning-related dendritic spine reorganization and motor learning. Motor skill learning induces long-lasting reorganization of dendritic spines, principal sites of excitatory synapses, in the motor cortex. However, mechanisms that regulate these excitatory synaptic changes remain poorly understood. Here, using in vivo two-photon imaging in awake mice, we found that learning-induced spine reorganization of layer (L) 2/3 excitatory neurons occurs in the distal branches of their apical dendrites in L1 but not in the perisomatic dendrites. This compartment-specific spine reorganization coincided with subtype-specific plasticity of local inhibitory circuits. Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM-INs), which mainly inhibit distal dendrites of excitatory neurons, showed a decrease in axonal boutons immediately after the training began, whereas parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PV-INs), which mainly inhibit perisomatic regions of excitatory neurons, exhibited a gradual increase in axonal boutons during training. Optogenetic enhancement and suppression of SOM-IN activity during training destabilized and hyperstabilized spines, respectively, and both manipulations impaired the learning of stereotyped movements. Our results identify SOM inhibition of distal dendrites as a key regulator of learning-related changes in excitatory synapses and the acquisition of motor skills.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1097-6256 1546-1726
DOI:	10.1038/nn.4049