Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines

•The application of low intensity TES in humans appears to be safe.•The profile of AEs in terms of frequency, magnitude and type is comparable in different populations.•Structured checklists and interviews as recommended procedures are provided in this paper. Low intensity transcranial electrical st...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Clinical neurophysiology Vol. 128; no. 9; pp. 1774 - 1809
Main Authors:	Antal, A., Alekseichuk, I., Bikson, M., Brockmöller, J., Brunoni, A.R., Chen, R., Cohen, L.G., Dowthwaite, G., Ellrich, J., Flöel, A., Fregni, F., George, M.S., Hamilton, R., Haueisen, J., Herrmann, C.S., Hummel, F.C., Lefaucheur, J.P., Liebetanz, D., Loo, C.K., McCaig, C.D., Miniussi, C., Miranda, P.C., Moliadze, V., Nitsche, M.A., Nowak, R., Padberg, F., Pascual-Leone, A., Poppendieck, W., Priori, A., Rossi, S., Rossini, P.M., Rothwell, J., Rueger, M.A., Ruffini, G., Schellhorn, K., Siebner, H.R., Ugawa, Y., Wexler, A., Ziemann, U., Hallett, M., Paulus, W.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.09.2017
Subjects:	Adverse events Animals Brain - physiology Burns, Electric - etiology Burns, Electric - prevention & control Humans Neurology Practice Guidelines as Topic - standards Safety tACS tDCS TES Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - adverse effects Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - ethics Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - standards FDA PPC RCT tsDCS TES M1 tACS CNS HD-tDCS IFG MDD PFC CFR MRS TPJ DBS Adverse events ONS MMSE tRNS Vmem NMDA Safety EC EF NSE AC AD AE DLPFC EEG MEG ICH MAE AR fMRI PD DIY tDCS SAE ECT MEP TMS rTMS DC Repetitive Transcranial magnetic stimulation Randomized clinical trial Central nervous system Code of Federal Regulations Neuron specific enolase Inferior frontal gyrus transcranial direct current stimulation Transcranial electrical stimulation Temporoparietal junction Magnetic resonance spectroscopy N-Methyl-D-Aspartate safety Deep Brain Stimulation Functional magnetic resonance imaging Food and Drug Administration High-Definition tDCS Major Depressive Disorder Alzheimer’s disease Adverse event Do it yourself Primary motor cortex Direct Current Alternating Current Mini Mental State Examination International Council on Harmonisation (before 2015: International Conference on Harmonisation) Probability Learning Task transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation Electroencephalography Mild adverse event transcranial alternating current stimulation European Commission Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Optic nerve stimulation Serious adverse event PLT Transmembrane potential Posterior Parietal Cortex Adverse reaction Electroconvulsive therapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation Magnetoencephalography adverse events Prefrontal Cortex Motor Evoked Potential Electric field Parkinson’s disease Transcranial random noise stimulation
ISSN:	1388-2457, 1872-8952, 1872-8952
Online Access:	Get full text
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