The C4 protein encoded by tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus reverses transcriptional gene silencing by interacting with NbDRM2 and impairing its DNA-binding ability

In plants, cytosine DNA methylation is an efficient defense mechanism against geminiviruses, since methylation of the viral genome results in transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). As a counter-defense mechanism, geminiviruses encode viral proteins to suppress viral DNA methylation and TGS. However,...

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Vydáno v:	PLoS pathogens Ročník 16; číslo 10; s. e1008829
Hlavní autoři:	Mei, Yuzhen, Wang, Yaqin, Li, Fangfang, Zhou, Xueping
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 01.10.2020 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Antiviral agents Antiviral drugs Begomovirus - physiology Binding Biology Biology and Life Sciences Biotechnology C4 protein Cytosine Deactivation Defense mechanisms Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA Methylation DNA methyltransferase DNA, Viral - genetics DNA, Viral - metabolism DNA-ligand interactions Engineering and Technology Gene expression Gene Silencing Genetic aspects Genome, Viral Genomes Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics Inactivation Kinases Laboratories Leaf-curl Leaves Methyltransferases Molecular modelling Mutants Nicotiana - genetics Nicotiana - metabolism Nicotiana - virology Observations Physical Sciences Plant diseases Plant Diseases - immunology Plant Diseases - virology Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism Plants, Genetically Modified - virology Properties Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Rice Tomatoes Transcription, Genetic Viral infections Viral proteins Viral Proteins - genetics Viral Proteins - metabolism Viruses China Beijing China Yunnan China
ISSN:	1553-7374, 1553-7366, 1553-7374
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Shrnutí:	In plants, cytosine DNA methylation is an efficient defense mechanism against geminiviruses, since methylation of the viral genome results in transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). As a counter-defense mechanism, geminiviruses encode viral proteins to suppress viral DNA methylation and TGS. However, the molecular mechanisms by which viral proteins contribute to TGS suppression remain incompletely understood. In this study, we found that the C4 protein encoded by tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) suppresses methylation of the viral genome through interacting with and impairing the DNA-binding ability of NbDRM2, a pivotal DNA methyltransferase in the methyl cycle. We show that NbDRM2 catalyzes the addition of methyl groups on specific cytosine sites of the viral genome, hence playing an important role in anti-viral defense. Underscoring the relevance of the C4-mediated suppression of NbDRM2 activity, plants infected by TLCYnV producing C4(S43A), a point mutant version of C4 unable to interact with NbDRM2, display milder symptoms and lower virus accumulation, concomitant with enhanced viral DNA methylation, than plants infected by wild-type TLCYnV. Expression of TLCYnV C4, but not of the NbDRM2-interaction compromised C4(S43A) mutant, in 16c-TGS Nicotiana benthamiana plants results in the recovery of GFP, a proxy for suppression of TGS. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which geminiviruses suppress TGS, and uncovers a new viral strategy based on the inactivation of the methyltransferase NbDRM2.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1553-7374 1553-7366 1553-7374
DOI:	10.1371/journal.ppat.1008829