Reemergence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in the Americas

We summarize and analyze historical and current data regarding the reemergence of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV; genus Flavivirus) in the Americas. Historically, SLEV caused encephalitis outbreaks in the United States; however, it was not considered a public health concern in the rest of the Am...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 24; no. 12; pp. 2150 - 2157
Main Authors: Diaz, Adrián, Coffey, Lark L., Burkett-Cadena, Nathan, Day, Jonathan F.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01.12.2018
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Subjects:
arbovirus
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - epidemiology
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - history
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - transmission
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - virology
Disease Outbreaks
emerging infectious disease
Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis - classification
Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis - genetics
Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis - physiology
Encephalitis, St. Louis - epidemiology
Encephalitis, St. Louis - history
Encephalitis, St. Louis - transmission
Encephalitis, St. Louis - virology
Genetic aspects
Geography, Medical
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Phylogeny
phylogeography
Reemergence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in the Americas
Risk factors
South America - epidemiology
St. Louis encephalitis
St. Louis encephalitis virus
United States
United States - epidemiology
viruses
South America
United States
America
South America
emerging infectious disease
Americas
viruses
St. Louis encephalitis virus
United States
arbovirus
phylogeography
ISSN:1080-6040, 1080-6059, 1080-6059
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:We summarize and analyze historical and current data regarding the reemergence of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV; genus Flavivirus) in the Americas. Historically, SLEV caused encephalitis outbreaks in the United States; however, it was not considered a public health concern in the rest of the Americas. After the introduction of West Nile virus in 1999, activity of SLEV decreased considerably in the United States. During 2014-2015, SLEV caused a human outbreak in Arizona and caused isolated human cases in California in 2016 and 2017. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the emerging SLEV in the western United States is related to the epidemic strains isolated during a human encephalitis outbreak in Córdoba, Argentina, in 2005. Ecoepidemiologic studies suggest that the emergence of SLEV in Argentina was caused by the introduction of a more pathogenic strain and increasing populations of the eared dove (amplifying host).
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ISSN:1080-6040
1080-6059
1080-6059
DOI:10.3201/eid2412.180372