Calcium spirulan derived from Spirulina platensis inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 attachment to human keratinocytes and protects against herpes labialis

Chronic infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 are highly prevalent in populations worldwide and cause recurrent oral lesions in up to 40% of infected subjects. We investigated the antiviral activity of a defined Spirulina platensis microalga extract and of purified calcium spirulan (Ca-S...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Ročník 137; číslo 1; s. 197 - 203.e3
Hlavní autoři:	Mader, Julia, Gallo, Antonio, Schommartz, Tim, Handke, Wiebke, Nagel, Claus-Henning, Günther, Patrick, Brune, Wolfram, Reich, Kristian
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.01.2016 Elsevier Limited
Témata:	Adult Aged Algae Allergy and Immunology Animals Antiviral Agents - pharmacology Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Calcium calcium spirulan Cell Line Cercopithecus aethiops Cosmetics Epithelial Cells - drug effects Epithelial Cells - virology Female herpes labialis Herpes Labialis - prevention & control Herpes simplex virus 1 Herpes viruses Herpesvirus Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects Herpesvirus 1, Human - pathogenicity Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology Herpesvirus 8, Human - drug effects Herpesvirus 8, Human - pathogenicity Herpesvirus 8, Human - physiology Humans Infections Kaposi sarcoma Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8 keratinocytes Keratinocytes - drug effects Keratinocytes - virology Methods Middle Aged Polysaccharides - pharmacology Polysaccharides - therapeutic use Spirulina Spirulina microalgae Spirulina platensis Vero Cells Viral infections Virus Attachment - drug effects Young Adult Germany KSHV/HHV-8 MOI HSV keratinocytes TCID50 herpes labialis Ca-SP Herpes simplex virus 1 Kaposi sarcoma CHX SPME ACV Spirulina microalgae calcium spirulan IC50 PMU Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8 pfu PRA IC 50 Plaque-forming units Herpes simplex virus Half-maximal inhibitory concentration Plaque reduction assay 50% Tissue culture infective dose Multiplicity of infection Acyclovir Permanent lip makeup Cycloheximide TCID 50 Spirulina platensis microalgae extract
ISSN:	0091-6749, 1097-6825, 1097-6825
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Shrnutí:	Chronic infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 are highly prevalent in populations worldwide and cause recurrent oral lesions in up to 40% of infected subjects. We investigated the antiviral activity of a defined Spirulina platensis microalga extract and of purified calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a sulfated polysaccharide contained therein. The inhibitory effects of HSV-1 were assessed by using a plaque reduction assay and quantitative PCR in a susceptible mammalian epithelial cell line and confirmed in human keratinocytes. Time-of-addition and attachment experiments and fluorescence detection of the HSV-1 tegument protein VP16 were used to analyze the mechanism of HSV-1 inhibition. Effects of Ca-SP on Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8 replication and uptake of the ORF45 tegument protein were tested in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. In an observational trial the prophylactic effects of topically applied Ca-SP were compared with those of systemic and topical nucleoside analogues in 198 volunteers with recurrent herpes labialis receiving permanent lip makeup. Ca-SP inhibited HSV-1 infection in vitro with a potency at least comparable to that of acyclovir by blocking viral attachment and penetration into host cells. Ca-SP also inhibited entry of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8. In the clinical model of herpes exacerbation, the prophylactic effect of a Ca-SP and microalgae extract containing cream was superior to that of acyclovir cream. These data indicate a potential clinical use of Ca-SP containing Spirulina species extract for the prophylactic treatment of herpes labialis and suggest possible activity of Ca-SP against infections caused by other herpesviruses.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3
ISSN:	0091-6749 1097-6825 1097-6825
DOI:	10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.027